Encouraging Employee Buy-in Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Encouraging Employee Buy-in - Essay Example Encouraging Employee Buy-in The company has more than twelve hundred employees. It is possible for line managers and the supervisors of the company to encourage employees’ engagement in an organization through positive campaign on the ban. The first important step towards encouraging employee buy-in is to critically run an evaluation of the parts of the system that impact on employee buy-in (Armstrong, 2008). Keeping employees engaged in the project to encourage smoking ban is a key element of encouraging staff buy-in. The objective of every employer is to employ staffs that are going to be a resource rather than a challenge (Armstrong, 2008). Is such an instance, the two directors should involve the employees in the company’s project from the initial stages of the system. Make familiarize the system in use to all the employees (Brief, 2008). Line managers have an easy job of setting the team together and defining the team’s direction. The challenge comes in getting the team to buy into the concept of working together for common objectives of supporting the ban (Boxall & Purcell, 2011). Emphasizing the positive benefits of working as a team to support each other is a way that may create employee buy-in to the project. The line manager should explain to employees the specific reason they have chosen to contribution to the job (Boxall & Purcell, 2011). In a way, the employee will feel proud to be associated in the business if the managers offer unbiased reasons for implementing the ban. Line managers and the supervisors should talk to employees about how to prioritize the team’s work within their regular duties.

Technology Replacing Human Contact Essay Example for Free

Technology Replacing Human Contact Essay In my personal opinion, yes, technology is replacing human contact. I have many friends that are high school teachers and they are being trained on how to teach online courses. While this makes sense for college students, I don’t think online courses are the proper way to go with high school students. In college people need the flexibility for work, families, etc. In high school, students do not need the flexibility, high school teaches more than just knowledge, you get social skills, meet people, have to work with other people and physical activity. I think this changes society in a big way, social skills are extremely important in many different aspects of life. I think that businesses should be allowed to use technology freely, if it is able to help improve their work flow and their productivity, they should be allowed to use it. People need to be careful with keeping up on technology so as businesses further their practices with it, people are able to keep up. I think there should be more training options out there to help people especially when more technically advanced employees are more likely to get hired/promoted versus ones that may not have those skills. I think that the government should not have control over what is posted on the internet, people should know how to tell whether the information is good information or not. While this does make it hard, trusted sources are easy to come by and the government should not be able to decide what information the citizens get access to and what information they don’t. It makes it harder for them to hide things happening in the world from us like they sometimes do but at the same time, the internet helps them catch a lot of criminals that they wouldn’t have caught in another way.

An Analysis of the Semiconductor Industry

An Analysis of the Semiconductor Industry The semiconductor industry began when the first transistor was built in 1947 by Bell Labs. This first use was as a hearing aid. In 1971 Intel introduces microprocessors which are the brains of the computer onto one chip for the first time. Then in 2005 the semiconductor industry reaches sales of $227 Billion dollars (SIA. 2011). In 2010 the sales were about $300 Billion dollars. The growth of the semiconductor industry has been tremendous. Semiconductors are everywhere. They are used in computers, electronics, telecommunication, industrial machines, transportation, wireless systems, medical, and military. The semiconductor industry is spread out internationally. There are major manufactures in the United States, China, Japan, South Korea, and Europe. You can see the scope and geography of the semiconductor industry is immense and meets us at nearly every aspect of our lives. Its hard to comprehend how much of an impact this industry has made on the way we interact with one another on a regular basis. Semiconductors can do several things. In general, semiconductors process and display information, handle power, store data, condition signals, and alternate between light and electrical energy sources (PPRC, 2008). These processes are unseen but very present in areas mentioned in the above paragraph. The top three semiconductor producers as ranked by isupply.com are Intel, Samsung Electronics, and Toshiba. Intel and Samsung Electronics are set apart from all the others in terms of revenues as you will be able to see in a graph representing this data within the five forces framework section of the report. This industry is very competitive. As technology changes consistently, industry competitors fight to bring the latest and greatest products to market. The semiconductor industry is well known for their innovations and volatile environment. The Industry structure Supply chain End products G-STEP Global In the 1980s, Asia was primarily a place for low-cost semiconductor assembly and low-end consumer electronic product sales. Today, the region not only leads in electronic equipment production-from low-end to advanced products-but it is also a significant consumer of sophisticated electronics. China is now the largest market for cellular handsets, representing 20 percent of demand, and the second largest market for personal computers. South Korea has the most advanced nationwide cellular network in the world. The electronic equipment and semiconductor industries have evolved into a truly global market. Sociocultural Demographic Children have started getting exposed to electronic devices at a much younger age, than ever before. The electronic device manufacturers, also, use the technology to create things targeted towards children as young as 2-3 years old. This indicates that the market for these devices is continually increasing, hence, higher use of semiconductors. Another trend that we see is people switching to smartphones, which again use comparatively more semiconductors that their current phones. In companies, increasing use of cloud computing to store data also helps the sales of semiconductors go up. In general our lifestyle is changing to a world where we use a lot of semiconductors. (Rephrase the last statement) Efficiency will drive the industry. Lower power consumption wins!   doent really matter, its a very global industry. And everyone uses it. The workplace is already filled with people of different ethnicities. (What can I say about it?) (Read income distribution again!) Technological The semiconductor industry is heavily driven by the technological advancements in the products, processes and materials within the semiconductor domain. It is the technological upgrade rate that makes the industry highly cyclic. The industry is constantly striving for low cost, high speed, energy efficient and smaller chips. The technological upgrades are a prime reason for the barriers to entry in the fab segment of the industry, as the change of the fabrication process is a very expensive affair. But since then our public investment levels have been dropping. In 2011, federal investment in research and development has dropped below 1% of GDP. (http://www.scienceprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/SciProgResearchandDevelopment-101.pdf) (Page 3 graph) With the emergence of associations like SEMATECH, SEMI and SIA some of the burden was taken off of the individual companies. Intellectual property is now much more perishable than ever before and there are too many challenges to solve alone. We must recognize that alliances in the early stages of technological innovation are imperative to achieving breakthrough results that will deliver against the top and bottom line. John Warlaumont, VP of Advanced Technolog http://www.sematech.org/corporate/annual/annual09.pdf In the  semiconductor industry, for example, a confluence of cost, technology and demand trends is creating a shakeout in manufacturing. Indeed, the fixed costs and minimum scale associated with building a new chip fabrication plant have risen almost as precipitously as unit costs (under Moores Law) have fallen. As a result, few companies can still make the next leap to fabs costing $4 billion apiece. This has created a new set of fabless semiconductor companies, along with the foundries, which focus on manufacturing chips designed by others. Semiconductor companies will need to carefully weigh their strategy. http://www.bain.com/bainweb/consulting_expertise/industries_detail.asp?indID=14 Economic The economy of the country has an indirect impact on this industry. As the economy does poor the wages go lower, unemployment increases. This in turn affects the sales of electronic goods in which these semiconductors are used. However, if the economic health of the country is good, the industry is rewarded. The projected growth in the industry from 2011 2013 seems to be about 10.5%. (http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=87078rt=Semiconductor-Industry-Forecast-to-2012.html). During the past recession the wages of the Silicon Valley tech workers dropped down by 10%. (http://www.ecademy.com/node.php?id=157950) Political/Legal In the past five years, information technology, fueled by faster and cheaper chips, has reduced the U.S. inflation rate significantly and has doubled the nations productivity growth rate. http://www.sia-online.org/cs/about_sia Semiconductor design and manufacturing facilities are strategic to our nations economic growth. However, our industry is faced with fierce global competition and our policymakers and regulators must ensure that we have balanced tax, regulatory and trade policies to allow our industry to continue to flourish in the U.S. and remain Americas largest export industry, Brian Toohey, President SIA concluded in 2010. http://www.sia-online.org/cs/papers_publications/press_release_detail?pressrelease.id=1869 The president of SIA proposed a RD tax credit for the US companies. This is in the favor of the industry, as they can spend more money in RD. (Recent paper 17th news) Industry analysis Financial Performance Based on the U.S. semiconductor companies revenues and net incomes 2007 2010 (Figures A,B,;;) the profit margins in the industry generally low. Some companies like AMD and Freescale were making losses even in 2007 before the recession hit. The three biggest U.S. semiconductor suppliers, Intel, Texas Instruments and Qualcomm, have been profitable during all the last four years. The smaller companies by revenue have clearly had worse financial performance. That suggest that the bigger players would have some advantage. Of the top three companies Intel is integrated device manufacturer wheras Texas Instruments (Not Fabless IBM REPORT) and Qualcomm are fabless companies (see Strategic Groups section). There is no clear evidence that one of the strategies would be better than the other based on the recent financial performance. Figure XXX. Top 9 U.S. Semiconductor Companies Revenues and Net Incomes 2007. Data from WRDS COMPUSTAT. Figure XXX. Top 9 U.S. Semiconductor Companies Revenues and Net Incomes 2008. Data from WRDS COMPUSTAT. Figure XXX. Top 9 U.S. Semiconductor Companies Revenues and Net Incomes 2009. Data from WRDS COMPUSTAT. Figure XXX. Top 9 U.S. Semiconductor Companies Revenues and Net Incomes 2010. Data from WRDS COMPUSTAT. The annual data for the rest of the 9 companies is not currently available. Market Shares The Top 20 Semiconductor industry players had a combined 65.2 % market share in 2010 (Figure XXX). The semiconductor industry overall is very fragmented, especially the product development. However, the amount of cutting edge technology chip manufacturers seems to be decreasing. Globally American companies hold about half of the market share. Japan and Asia-Pacific companies have about 20 % each and the rest is EMEA companies. Semiconductor business is a very global business. The importance of Asia-Pacific region has been increasing during the recent years. Figure XXX. Preliminary Estimate Semiconductor Suppliers Revenue Share % 2010. Data from iSuppli (Ford, 2011) Figure XXX. Preliminary Estimate of Global Semiconductor Revenue Share % 2010 by Headquarters Location. Data from iSuppli (Ford, 2011) Porters Five forces Threat of New Entrants Traditionally, because of the huge capital expenditures for startup, it is very difficult for those new entries to be successfully invading the semiconductor industry. Obviously, it is great news for those large companies who can control the market in their favor by using their economies of scale. Besides, the pointed end research and development are other two indispensable barriers for new entries. (Ciolli, 2011)However, recently, with the evolvement of the industry, smaller players could move their attention from manufacturing to research and development. Benefit from the subcontracting of manufacturing, smaller companies has more resources and capital to invest into research of new technologies. The cooperation of subcontracting eased the financial burden of the smaller players and reduced the barrier of semiconductor industry to them. (Investopedia, 2011) This is extremely significant for those smaller entrepreneurial corporations even for the whole structure of the semiconductor industry. Moreover, except the high technology requirement for new entry, another significant barrier to entry the semiconductor market is the software compatibility. As a powerful semiconductor player, they are required to not only create physical technology, but also need to design convenient and compatible software which could collaborate with their processors well so customers could enjoy their product. ? What is the source for this paragraph? Power of Suppliers In terms of large semiconductor companies, they have inherent advantages when choose suppliers from thousands of them (Investopedia, 2011). The large diversified companies usually use enough number of suppliers to minimize the power of each. However, in the specialized semiconductor industry, in which the fabless manufacturing model is used by most of the companies. As a result, fabless companies play an important role in this specialized sector. Besides, not every sub-contractor has the capability to satisfied the needs of the specialized companies, so suppliers are much powerful than those in the large generic semiconductor sector (Ciolli, 2011). There are several supplier groups present to the semiconductor industry. A few of those groups are; capital equipment makers, suppliers of silicon, chemicals, gases, water, energy, metals and other materials are used in manufacturing semiconductor products (PPRC, 2008). Rivalry Among Industry Players The semiconductor industry is very highly competitive. The firms within this industry compete on a daily basis to produce or manufacture a product that is smaller, faster and cheaper. The industry changes rapidly as technology changes rapidly. This keeps it competitive as each competitor can seek and opportunity to create something great before the others do. Within this competitive industry there is a constant pressure to come up with better products. The products of this industry are much undifferentiated as the products they are trying to create are essentially improvements to similar products that already exist. The accomplishments of the products change very little. The methods of production is where can see differentiation. The players are trying to come up with innovative ways to do the same things only in a smaller, faster, and cheaper manner (Investopedia, 2010). Comment by Joona: I disagree with this paragraph to some extent. For example ARM has gained very much competitive advantage with is mobile chip technology, similarly Intel has been the number one in the laptop microprocessors becaus of superior product performance The result of an industry that is this competitive is emerging technology that is cutting-edge. The technology is constantly changing into something better so for competition it makes it hard to remain at the top. What tends to happen in this type of an industry is that there are several industry players with similar size rise as the larger players. This is because no one player can keep excelling with the newest, fastest, and cheapest product available. The four main products of the semiconductor industry are memory chips, microprocessors, commodity integrated circuit, and complex SOC (system on a chip) which is a combination of a system of semiconductors compacted into one small product. The following are the top ten ranked semiconductor industry leaders as of 2010: Intel, Samsung Electronics, Toshiba Semiconductors, Texas Instruments, Renesas Electronics, Hynix, STMicroelectronics, Micron Technology, Qualcomm, and Elpida Memory (Ford, 2010). The graph below shows how these competitors are doing against each other in terms of revenue. It gives a basic understanding how they sit against each other and who are the major players. Figure XXX. Top 20 Semiconductor Suppliers Revenues 2010. Data from iSuppli (Ford, 2011). Power of buyers The buyers of the semiconductor industry are endless. There is a buyer at literally every corner. The switching costs of the buyers in the commodity semiconductor market is small as they can purchase from any semiconductor industry player who is representing the lowest cost available as long as the technology is compatible. The strong role of the industry giants like Intel and Samsung limits the bargaining power of buyers. Computers are definitely the largest piece of demand presented by the buyers in 2011, although it is declining due to the rising sales of smart phones and media tablets (Mutschle, 2011). Buyers in the semiconductor tend to be very price sensitive as the industry is constantly producing products at a lower cost to push the demand of their product. Within the buyers, there are several buyer groups that should be mentioned. The computer industry takes of the bulk of buyer demand, mobile devices and tabloids, and the medical industry to mention a few. These buyers make purchases from the semiconductor industry to continue in daily operations as they are a large part of ongoing business. Joona: This sentence needs clarification. Threat of substitutes The industry has the ability to change in a very short time. This takes away opportunities from substitutes to enter the market segment. It would not take the semiconductor industry very long to respond to a successful substitute as they would find a way to produce the product themselves. The problem that would be present is the money constraint. It can be done but at a cost. The industry players can find themselves spending a lot of money to research and develop new products just to find that their competition beat them to it by a few months. This keeps the business environment volatile and competitive. Joona: This paragraph would need some sources to back the claims up. In addition I found it hard to understand some of the logic. Strategic groups Joona: This is one way to classify the industry. I dont know if it is necessarily the best way to do it. Product line based classification is at least one alternative, but it requires some effort. Groups Based on Level of Vertical Integration Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDM) Some companies, such as IBM and Intel, have both semiconductor design and manufacturing capability. They try to achieve efficiency through vertical integration. Foundry Companies Merchant manufacturers do manufacturing for companies that do not have own manufacturing capacity. Cutting edge semiconductor manufacturing process technology is getting more and more expensive, and thus less and less companies can afford to have own production capacity (Jelinek, 2010). The largest foundry company is Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). It is a pure play foundry, which means that it only offers manufacturing services without designing own products. Fabless The fabless companies do not have manufacturing capacity. They design chips and buy manufacturing capacity from foundry companies. The fabless companies do not have as large risks relating to manufacturing technology, but as the amount foundry companies decreases, the foundry companies bargaining power will likely increase. This group includes companies like Qualcomm, AMD, Nvidia, Broadcom and MediaTek (Osborne, 2010). Key Success Factors What would it take for some firm to compete successfully in the industry(9) Joona (these guesses are just out of my head, no sources, no proof of validity): Ability to constantly develop new, better, cheaper faster designs Ability to produce breakthrough innovations Ability to form effective networks and partnerships in order to gain advantage of the resources of the collaborating companies New opportunities and threats What are the major emerging trends in the industry that may impact the industry firms in a significant way?(8) The New Threats and Opportunities The most critical treat for semiconductors industry is the rapid price declines due to more player enter the market and the substitute products become available. (Joona: Are new players really a threat given the resources and money needed to enter the industry?) The research by Ross Seymore (A Deutsche Bank Equity Research analyst) suggested that compare with the 30% revenue growth in last year, the chip industry faces a 25% revenue drop due to lower average selling prices for chips and the cyclical demand for semiconductors hits a lull. Seymore also mentioned that a largest average selling price drop may be waiting for the the memory segment which could cause risk to margins across the industry following 2010s record levels as well. ( KAWAMOTO,2011). However, there are some news opportunities for semiconductors players as well. One is the Smart Grid which could save resources in the busy time to balance the application amount of the power. Currently, about two-thirds of power is wasted because of the power grid aging. Inevitably, those aging power grid will be substituted by Smart Grid, which will give a new profit growth point to semiconductors industry. (Xiaona, 2010) Another significant technical innovation will benefit the semiconductors industry is the Immersion lithography which probably will drive the the lithography solution for semiconductor devices manufacturing in the following generation. Who can grasp this new technology will take a vantage point in the next decade of competition.(JVSTB, 2004) Joona: We should try to find some big picture opportunities and threats that have could have a significant impact on the industry Predictions (Next 5 years) How dynamic is the industry, stage of its life cycle? What is the likely demand situation during the next five years?(7) High inventory levels in Q4 2010 According to iSuppli the semiconductor suppliers inventories reached the highest levels in two and a half years during the fourth quarter of 2010. If the the semiconductor industry growth slows in 2011, this could bring troubles to the companies. (Stiefel, 2011) This is another example of the cyclicality and weak predictability of the industry. Joona: Could we somehow combine this with the previous section. More predictions needed. My best guess is that the industry is going to end up in a somewhat stable situation. 2010 was a boom because of the recession 2008-2009 and low inventory levels. ************** Future : http://isscc.org/doc/2010/ISSCC2010_TechTrends.pdf http://www.engadget.com/2011/02/19/intel-to-spend-5-billion-on-new-14nm-fab-in-arizona-creating-4/ Ravi: The fortunes of the semiconductor industries are ultimately tied to the demand of the end products. (Dirk Meyer, president and CEO of AMD, NDTV, interview) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpDx7LPdhqsfeature=related   Semiconductor design and manufacturing facilities are strategic to our nations economic growth. However, our industry is faced with fierce global competition and our policymakers and regulators must ensure that we have balanced tax, regulatory and trade policies to allow our industry to continue to flourish in the U.S. and remain Americas largest export industry, Brian Toohey, President SIA concluded in 2010. http://www.sia-online.org/cs/papers_publications/press_release_detail?pressrelease.id=1869 Intellectual property is now much more perishable than ever before and there are too many challenges to solve alone. We must recognize that alliances in the early stages of technological innovation are imperative to achieving breakthrough results that will deliver against the top and bottom line. John Warlaumont, VP of Advanced Technolog http://www.sematech.org/corporate/annual/annual09.pdf

Islands As A Narration Of A Yo :: essays research papers

A. Hemon’s Islands is the narrative of a young boys initiation into the adult world. The boy travels to a place he has never been before, far away from all the comforts of his childhood home. The island is full of secrets about the ‘adult world’ and the terrible things that can happen within it. While away, he learns shocking lessons about the world in which he lives, mainly from his Uncle Julius, who tells scary stories that he thinks the boy should know about. The boy is unprotected from everything on the island and everything it contains. Through this unprotected environment, he learns things about the adult world that are not learned anywhere else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the car on the way to the coast, the boy almost loses his voice by singing â€Å"communist songs the entire journey.† (129) By his singing songs about â€Å"mournful mothers looking through graves for their dead sons† and â€Å"the revolution† the boy demonstrates his naivity. He is, after all, just a young boy. His limited life experience is shown in his singing such songs, without understanding the full meanings and connotations that those songs carry. The boys’ innocence is emphasized here, as these are ‘adult’ songs and it is only, generally, children who sing on car journeys until their voices are gone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even before boarding the boat, the boy begins to notice how ugly age and adulthood can be. He notices the â€Å"gnarled knees , the spreading sweat stains on their shirts and sagging wrinkles of fat on their thighs.† (129) At one point, he sees â€Å"one of the Germans, an old, bony man† get down on his knees and then vomit over the pier edge. The boy sees this, but still relates it back to something he understands. â€Å"The vomit Catherine Henderson hit the surface and then dispersed in different directions, like children running away to hide from the seeker.† (130) Again, by relating something so grotesque to something so childlike and innocent, the boy reminds the reader that he is still just a young child, not yet ready to deal with this kind of adult vision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once boarded on the boat and sailing to Mljet, the boy loses his hat. It is not just a hat though, it is his hat that shielded him from the grown-ups and the adult way of life. If he wanted to look at them properly, he had to raise his head. The hat was a â€Å"round straw hat with all the seven dwarfs painted on it.† (129) When the gust of

Reading Level of Grade Three Pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School Essay

The current issue being faced today by most educators is that during enrolment, some pupils who are promoted in Grade Three are still considered as non-readers. According to Arnold Peralta (2006), enabling the child to read in Grade 1 and 2, the primary grade is very necessary. It is in this stage that the habit of reading should be developed. If a child will not be able to read, understand what he reads and developed the habit of reading, he/she can hardly make it in the higher grades. According to Businessdictionary. com, reading grade level means number assigned to the level of complexity of a reading material, it equates to a given level of schooling, For example, a reading grade level of seven means the reading material is intended for a seventh grade student. In the field of education, this concept is very important in determining pupils’ progress in reading. According to Juan Miguel Luz (2007), Grade Three (10 years old) is a critical year in terms of formal schooling. Before School Year 2012-2023 preschooling is neither compulsory nor part of the package of free public education guaranteed by the Constitution, Grade Three marks the third full year of basic education for children who attend public elementary school and the year when the facility to read, write, and do the four operations of arithmetic with competence is expected. (Less than 20 percent of those who go to public elementary school actually attend a full year of preschool education). Dropping out before this grade level thus becomes a major contributor to the lack of functional literacy, which in turn has a negative impact on adults and their eventual work productivity. This is assuming, of course, that by the end of Grade 3 (or the third year of formal full-time schooling), the children’s competence in the three ‘Rs are being honed fully. But seeing it, that may not be happening in far too many schools. Furthermore, since they learned the basic skills in reading during their previous grades, they are expected to be a good reader when they reach Grade Three. However, there are many pupils who are still considered as non-readers. Stothard & Hulme (1996) described reading as the interaction of two distinct processes, decoding and comprehension. For skilled readers decoding is a highly automated task. Skilled readers can focus their attention on comprehension of the novel material. Low ability readers typically have difficulties studying and learning from expository textual material (Helwig, Almond, Rozek-Tedesco, Tindal, & Heath, 1999). Readers with robust verbal ability skills are more likely to analyze new information and draw inferences than their peers with low verbal ability. DepEd intensifies reading literacy in schools by enforcing the policy called â€Å"Every Child A Reader† (the Education Post Vol. 21, No. 1). Undersecretary Bacani said the new policy aims to make every Filipino child a successful reader at the end of Grade 3. The undersecretary is expecting that no pupil will be promoted to higher grades unless he or she manifests mastery of the basic literacy skills in a particular grade (Arnold Peralta,2006). The researchers presupposed factors to consider in eradicating or minimizing non- readers in every school. Among this are children who have spent less time in reading, their father and mother educational attainment, type of pre-school attended whether in public or private, and monthly family income. This is caused by the influence of the modern world, and parents’ inability to monitor the child’s progress because they are preoccupied with their chosen job. Some children choose to hang around malls, play computer or video games, or watch cartoons and consider reading as part of school activities that need to be forgotten during their spare time. (Arnold Peralta,2006) On the other hand, this is maybe caused by parent’s low educational attainment, and the absence of any reading and educational materials in their homes. According to Arnold Peralta (2006), the parents’ role is very important in helping increase their children’s habits. They must be involved in any activity to improve their children’s reading ability. That is why, in relation to this, the researchers aim to conduct a study that shall determine if such factors have indeed some kind of influence with the Reading Level of Grade Three pupils of Luis Mirasol Memorial School. Statement of the Problem This study will be conducted to determine the Reading Level of Grade Three Pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School. Specifically, this study aims to: 1. Describe the respondent’s socio-economic characteristics in terms of educational attainment of the father , educational attainment of the mother, and the monthly family income,type of pre-school attended, and number of hours spent in reading; 2. Determine the reading level of the respondents; 3. Determine if there is a relationship between the respondents’ socio-economic characteristics such as: educational attainment of a father, educational attainment of mother, monthly family income, and type of pre-school attended and number of hours spent in reading of the respondents. Research Hypotheses 1. There is no significant relationship between the respondents’ socio-economic characteristics such as: educational attainment of a father, educational attainment of mother, monthly family income, and type of pre-school attended, time spent in reading and the reading level. Theoretical Framework This study is based on various theories on reading level: According to the theory of reading as defined by (Henry,1986) that it must deal with wide range of issues and account for a wide range of behaviors and capabilities. Reading occurs when a child has developed sufficient decoding skills. Decoding is the ability to decipher printed words into meaningful spoken language. More specifically, decoding refers to the skill at which one is able to recognize sound, individual phonemes in a printed or written word and then length and those phonemes to form the sound of the word by (Adams 1990)NRP,2000;National Researcher Council,1998) Philip Gough and Wesley Hoover (1990) describe a theory called simple review of reading, a theory that supported that decoding is necessary for reading level success. This view asserts that weaknesses in reading decoding will result in weak reading. According to (Moats 1999, p5). Reading is the fundamental skill upon which all formal education depends. Research now shows that a child who does [not] learn the basics early is unlikely to learn them at all. Any child who does learn [not] to learn to read-early and will not easily master other skills  and knowledge and unlikely to ever flourish in schools or in life. According to (Kantawala, 1980) states that, the higher the socioeconomic status the better the reading attitude, according to him students of small size family had a more favourable reading attitude than those of large families. Due to the lack of independent reading student may not have developed the positive attitude towards reading. Conceptual Framework Reading level is one of the problems of teachers and parents with regards to their pupils and children. As parents become worried on the reading level of their sons and daughters many of them are unaware of the factors which may significantly affect such occurrence. These pupils on the other hand, who have delayed reading level, frequently, consider reading a task for them to study. In this study, Monthly family income, Preschool last attended, Time spent in reading serves as the Independent Variables while Reading level serve as the Dependent Variable. In terms of Monthly Family Income the researcher believe that those respondents with a higher monthly family income are expected to have a high reading level. In terms of Pre-school last attended, researchers believe that those pupils who obtain schooling in private pre-school than in public are expected to a have high reading level. In terms of Time spent in reading, the researchers believe that those who spent much time in reading are expected to have high reading level. Independent variable 1. Socio-economic characteristics * Educational attainment the father * Educational attainment the mother * Monthly family income 2. Type of school where pre-school education was obtained * Public * Private 3. Time spent in reading Dependent variable Reading Level Figure 1. A Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the Independent and Dependent Variables. Definition of Terms To establish a frame of understanding for both the researchers and readers to facilitate correct interpretation of the results of the study, the following term were defined: Educational Attainment of Father – this pertains to the highest level of instruction, obtained in an institution of learning by the father. It is classified as elementary, high school or college. Educational Attainment of Mother – this pertains to the highest level of instruction, obtained in an institution of learning by the mother. It is classified as elementary, high school or college. Monthly Family Income. This refers to the total gross income of the pupils family per month and is further classified into High (Php 5000 and above), Average (Php2500 and above), Low (1500 and below). Pre-school last attended. Type of school where pre-school education was obtained whether it is in Day Care Center or Pre-Elementary Public School. Time Spent in Reading. This refers to average time not less than 80 to 100 minutes of independent or shared reading per week by the pupils. Reading Level- reading will be measured by using the IRI assessment and the respondents will be ranked through Frustration level, Instructional Level, Independent Level. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study aims to determine the factors related to the Reading Level of Grade 3 pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School during the School Year 2012-2013. This study will be conducted at Luis Mirasol Memorial School for convenience of both the researchers and the respondents. The Grade 3 pupils were selected as respondents of this study. The information needed in this study will be gathered using a self-administered questionnaire structured by the researchers. Furthermore, the interview and questionnaire will use to test the reliability of the research instrument. This study would be more reliable if it covers a larger scope and if more respondents will be involved. But this will also mean more effort, time and money that the researchers despondently lack. Significance of the study. The results of this investigation are expected to be highly beneficial to the following: Central Philippine University—College of Education. As an educational institution that hones every individual to become successful professionals in the future, the problem would be beneficial to the College of Education for the outreach center in the field study, to plan out certain programs, and strategies for the Luis Mirasol Memorial School as a partnership of Central Philippine University. Luis Mirasol Memorial School. If this study proves to be beneficial as a means of basis and standards, teachers will be able to find new ways and strategies on how to improve the reading level of their pupils. Parents. As the legal guardians of the children, the results of this investigation would serve as a stimuli towards their awareness on the factors that affect the reading level of their children. Furthermore, this study would initiate them to be more involved to follow up their children at home with partnership to the teacher and open line communication for the development of their children. Elementary Pupils. Whenever proven that the mentioned factors have something to do with the Reading Level of the pupils, the pupils themselves can learn and even do something to counteract negative impact caused by such factors as to their reading skills. Researchers. The outcome and conclusions drawn from this study will be beneficial to other researchers as a guideline for future studies. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Educational Attainment of both Parents and Reading Level Research on parenting also has shown that parent education is related to a warm, social climate in the home. Klebanov et al. (1994) found that both mothers’ education and family income were important predictors of the physical environment and learning experiences in the home but that mothers’ education alone was predictive of parental warmth. Likewise, Smith et al. (1997) found that the association of family income and parents’ education with children’s academic achievement was mediated by the home environment. The mediation effect was stronger for maternal education than for family income. Thus, these authors posited that education might be linked to specific achievement behaviors in the home (e. g. , reading, playing). Preschool Attended and Reading Level Preschool helps children to use their minds by knowing where the child means also knowing how his mind deals with the activities of the curriculum and other experiences in the early years. Mental operation most relevant for early education can be grouped into 3 major areas: perception, memory and problem solving. According to Maria Montessori, early education has an indispensable role in the whole personality of the child. The stage of human development from 0-6 years is the stage of the most absorbent mind and the critical period of a child. This stage is the most sensitive period in the life of the child that needed a wholesome, healthful and rich background. If a child fails in reading during the primary grades, his chances for success in any other academic area are greatly reduced. It is therefore essential that a pre-school program for children do all it can to ensure that the children will succeed in reading when they enter school. (http://onlineacademics. org/ReadingDiagnosis. html) Preschool improves children’s problem solving abilities for elementary school. Educational advocates recognize early childhood education, during the preschool years, as among the most enduring and beneficial services a community can provide for its children. Some parents choose to delay formal education until kindergarten, instead instructing their children in reading readiness tasks and offering enrichment classes at home. Children who aren’t offered these opportunities, whether at home or in a formal school setting, perform below their kindergarten classmates in reading and social readiness. (W. Steven Barnett; January 2006). According to a study by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, children who attended preschool scored at a higher reading level than children who did not attend preschool. Even if they couldn’t read, exposure to reading, books and listening to stories resulted in higher levels of letter and number recognition. When introduced to numbers and letters during kindergarten, children who attended preschool already had conceptual and visual familiarity, making it easier for them to make sense of written words. This advantage in reading comprehension and ability continued through age 15. Time Spent in Reading and Reading Level. (U. S. Department of Education, 1986) have recently reiterated the assertion that time spent reading at school and at home is an important facet of a reading program. Despite the perceived importance of time spent reading, a number of studies have found that intermediate grade students spend relatively little time reading at school or at home. It has been well documented that, in general, the amount of time that students are engaged in academic tasks during the reading period at school is positively correlated with gains in reading achievement (Brophy & Good,1986; Fisher et al. , 1980; Stallings & Kaskowitz, 1974). At the same time, however, many activities besides silent reading occur during the reading period (Anderson et al. , 1985). Consequently, studies on general student engagement during the reading period do not provide direct evidence of a meaningful relationship between time spent on silent reading and reading achievement. A few studies have supported the assertion that time engaged in silent reading is an important determinant of elementary students’ reading achievement. Greaney (1980) found a positive relationship between the amount of time spent reading at home and the reading achievement of elementary-age children. In effect, the assertion that time engaged in silent reading at school and at home is important for children’s reading growth has little empirical support; the literature contains surprisingly few studies that have actually found significant relations between time engaged in silent reading and gains in reading achievement for intermediate grade students. In fact, Wilkinson et al. (1988) and Anderson et al. (1988) have recently bemoaned the paucity of evidence. Thus, in the present study we focus on the relationship between reading and achievement gains. We attempt to provide data directly relevant to the policy question of whether or not elementary teachers and administrators should advocate students devoting more time to silent reading at school and at home. Synthesis of Review of Related Literature The Related Literature presented above revealed that there are certain existing factors related to the Reading Level of the pupils in an educational institution. It was mentioned by Klebanov et al. (1994) that education of parents and family income were important predictors of the physical environment and learning experiences in the home. Likewise, Smith et al. (1997) found that the association of family income and parents’ education with children’s academic achievement was mediated by the home environment. The pre-school program for children do all it can to ensure that the children will succeed in reading when they enter school (Maria Montessori). This serve as a foundation to their basic learning during their elementary grades. The time spent on reading has been beneficial to children who read during their free time. It has been well documented that, in general, the amount of time that students are engaged in academic tasks during the  reading period at school is positively correlated with gains in reading achievement (Brophy & Good,1986; Fisher et al. , 1980; Stallings & Kaskowitz, 1974). Chapter III METHODOLOGY This chapter presents a description of the Research Design, locale of Study, Sampling Population, Research Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure and Data Analysis. Research Design The non –experimental Design, Specifically the One shot survey was used in this study since it is the most appropriate approach in collecting the prescribed data. This design is suitable for the collection of descriptive information about the population or subjects of the study. Moreover, the design requires data to be collected once and it also utilized when the objective is describe a situation or condition of a study population as it exist. Locale of the Study The data and information needed in this study was obtained at Luis Mirasol Memorial School, for the convenience of both the respondents and the researchers. The locale is also appropriate, as it can accommodate all the respondents of the study. Respondents of the Study. All of the Grade III pupils from Luis Mirasol Memorial School will be taken as respondents of this study. Census of the total population from the mention institution will be formally obtained with proper permission from the School’s Principal with the total 70 respondents. Data Gathering Instrument The information needed in this study will be gathered using self-administered questionnaire and to be structured by the researchers. It consists of four parts: The first part of the instrument will asks about the Educational Attainment of both Parents, the second part pertains to the  Family Income of the respondents, the third part will asks about the Type of Pre-school the respondent attended, and the fourth part is the number of hours that the respondents spent in reading. Data Processing and Analysis The data in this study will be subjected to computer processed statistics using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Program. A coding manual was prepared for easy facilitation of the data. In order to achieve the goals of the study, Descriptive Statistics which included the mean and Inferential Statistics which included the frequency count and percentage of the results was used. CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION The following are the results of our study conducted during the summer of 2012. We interviewed 53 students and the results show that when the respondents are grouped according to educational attainment of the father, the results are: Table 1. Distribution of Respondents According To Educational Attainment of the Father EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE FATHER| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| | Elementary| 4| 7. 5| 7. 5| 7. 5| | High School| 15| 28. 3| 28. 3| 35. 8| | College Level| 6| 11. 3| 11. 3| 47. 2| | College Graduate| 28| 52. 8| 52. 8| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100.0| 100. 0| | In table 1, out of the 53 respondents, majority of their fathers are college graduate, 28 in total which comprise 52. 8% of the total population, followed by fathers who are high school graduates 15 in total, which comprise 28% of the total population. College level fathers and Elementary graduate are the bottom two, 6 and 4 in total respectively and comprise 11. 3% and 7. 5% of the total population. The data shows that the degree of educational attainment of mother does not affect the reading level of the pupils. Table 2. Distribution of Respondents According To Educational Attainment of the Mother  EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE MOTHER| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | Elementary| 6| 11. 3| 11. 3| 11. 3| | High school| 15| 28. 3| 28. 3| 39. 6| | College level| 11| 20. 8| 20. 8| 60. 4| | College graduate| 21| 39. 6| 39. 6| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | In table 2, the data shows that out of the 53 respondents, majority of their mothers are college graduate, 21 in total which comprise 39. 6% of the total population, followed by mothers who are high school graduates 15 in total, which comprise 28. 3% of the total population. College level mothers and Elementary graduate are the bottom two, 11 and 6 in total respectively and comprise 20. 8% and 11. 3% of the total population. The data shows that the degree of educational attainment of mother does not affect the reading level of the pupils. According to____________________________________________? Table 3. Distribution of Respondents According to Monthly Income MONTHLY INCOME| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | 5000 and above| 23| 43. 4| 43. 4| 43. 4| | 1501-4999| 20| 37. 7| 37. 7| 81. 1| | 1500 and below| 10| 18. 9| 18. 9| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them have monthly net income above 5000, 23 in total which comprise 43. 4% of the total population, followed by those who have monthly income ranging from 1501 to 4999, 20 in total, which comprise 37. 7% of the total population, and lastly those who have monthly net income higher than 15000 comprised 18. 9% of the population, or 10 respondents. This data shows that According to Table 4. Distribution of Respondents According Type of Preschool Attended PRESCHOOL ATTENDED| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | Public| 51| 96. 2| 96. 2| 96. 2| | Private| 2| 3. 8| 3. 8| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them have finished their preschool in public schools, which comprise 51 respondents or 96. 2% of the entire population. The remaining 2 or 3. 8% went to private schools. This data shows that? __________________________ According to_______________________? Table 5. Distribution of Respondents According Time Spent in Reading TIME SPENT IN READING| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | one hour a day| 26| 49. 1| 49. 1| 49. 1| | two hours a day| 5| 9. 4| 9. 4| 58. 5| | three hours a day| 2| 3. 8| 3. 8| 62. 3| | one hour in a week| 5| 9. 4| 9. 4| 71. 7| | three hours in a week| 2| 3. 8| 3. 8| 75. 5| | Less than one hour a week| 13| 24. 5| 24. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them spent one hour a day in reading, 26 in all or 49. 1%, followed by those who read less than an hour a week, 13 in all or 24. 5%. Those who read two hours a day and one hour a week are both tied which comprise 9. 4% of the population or 5 respondents in all. Same is in those who read three hours a day and three hours a week, both 2  respondents’ responds positively comprising 3. 8% of the population. This data shows that? __________________According to_______________? When grouped according to the raw scores in Filipino reading comprehension test we get the following results: SCORES IN FILIPINO| | Valid| 53| | Missing| 0| Mean| 78. 58| Median| 80. 00| Mode| 80| Std. Deviation| 4. 050| Minimum| 59| Maximum| 83| The range of the scores in Filipino exam is from 59 to 83, 59 being the lowest and 83 the highest, with a mean score of 78. 58, mode and median at 80 and with a standard deviation of 4. 050. (Complete table is shown in Appendix A Table 1) When grouped according to the raw scores in English reading comprehension test we get the following results: SCORES IN ENGLISH| | Valid| 53| | Missing| 0| Mean| 42. 21| Median| 44. 00| Mode| 43| Std. Deviation| 5. 749| Minimum| 17| Maximum| 49| The range of the scores in English exam is from 17 to 49, 17 being the lowest and 49 the highest, with a mean score of 42. 21, mode at 43 and median at 44 and with a standard deviation of 5. 749. (Complete table is shown in Appendix A Table 2) To test for correlation for father’s educational attainment in correlation to the respondents core in Filipino we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 093 with the significance of 0. 508. In terms for correlation between the mother’s educational attainments in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearman’s Rho to be -0. 21, with the significance of . 440. In terms of parents net monthly income in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get Spearman’s Rho of -. 013 with significance of . 464. In terms preschool attended in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearman’s Rho to be . 066, with the significance of . 321. In terms of time spent in reading in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearman’s Rho to be -0. 131, with the significance of . 176. To test for correlation for father’s educational attainment in correlation to the respondents score in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 086 with the significance of 0. 269. In terms of mother’s educational attainment in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 030 with the significance of 0. 415. In terms of monthly income in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be .015 with the significance of 0. 456. In terms of preschool attended in correlation to the respondent’s core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 088 with the significance of 0. 265. In terms of time spent in reading in correlation to the respondent’s core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be -. 114 with the significance of 0. 209. (complete table of correlation see Appendix A table 3. ) CHAPTER V CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the study the following conclusion was drawn: 1. Parent’s educational attainment, both mother and the father have no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the level educational attainment of the parents does not affects the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 2. Parent’s net monthly income has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the net monthly income of the parents does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 3. The pre-school attended by the pupil has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the preschool attended by the pupil does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 4. The pre-school attended by the pupil has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the preschool attended by the pupil does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 5. The time spent by the pupil reading has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the time spent by the pupil reading does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are generalized: 1. Central Philippine University must take action and do more research as of what is the cause of the low reading level among Luis Mirasol Memorial School’s Grade III pupils. 2. Since there are no significant relationship between parent’s educational attainment, net monthly income and the reading level of a pupil, the parent’s must get involve in other ways in the pupil’s academe aside from the given two. 3. Researchers are recommended to find other factors that have probable relationship to reading level aside the factors given in this research. REFERENCES http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/reading-grade-level-RGL. html , Date retrieved: April 28, 2012 http:// indigo. ie/-sdblang/personal/papers. htm, Date retrieved: May 8, 2012 http://www. buzzle. com/articles/private-achools-vspublic-schools. html, Effects of Low Family Income on Children I eHow. com http:www. Ehow. com. /list _6195251-effects-low-family income children. html #ixzzluWkeyqBZ, Date retrieved: May 9, 2012 http://onlineacamemics. org/ReadingDiagnostisis. html, Date retrieved: May 11, 2012 The Philippine Journal of Education, Arnold Peralta (2006), Volume No. LXXXV, p. 243. Christian perspectives in education, Vol. 2, No. 2 Spring 2009.

Muscle Building Essays

Muscle Building Essays Muscle Building Essay Muscle Building Essay LEGAL STUFF  © 2011 and Beyond, Elliott Hulse Mike Westerdal All Rights Reserved. International Copyright www. LeanHybridMuscle. com This publication is fully copyrighted and does not come with giveaway or resale rights. You may not sell or redistribute this report. It is reserved solely for paid members of LeanHybridMuscle. com. Copyright and illegal distribution violations will be prosecuted. This document has been watermarked with a digital GPS identification tag. NOTICE The information presented is not intended for the treatment or prevention of disease, nor is it a substitute for medical treatment, nor as an alternative to medical advice. This publication is presented for information purposes, to increase the public knowledge of developments in the field of strength and conditioning. The program outlined herein should not be adopted without a consultation with your health professional. Use of the information provided is at the sole choice and risk of the reader. You must get your physician’s approval before beginning this or any other exercise or nutrition program. This information is not a prescription. Consult your doctor, nutritionist or dietician for further information. The information contained in this document will help you build muscle and burn fat as fast as possible. It utilizes methods and techniques that we fully explore within our Best Selling Lean Hybrid Muscle RELOAdEd system. Having said that enjoy the preview†¦ INTROduCINg Muscle shifTing DocTrine WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 3 The You don’t need to be a scientist to read this report. In fact my friend Elliott Hulse and I are not doctors with access to research facilities. We aren’t even trying to peddle any supplements if you can imagine that. We’re just two regular dudes that have stumbled upon a very fast way to build muscle and burn fat. The cool thing is, we both have tough skin. Often times people don’t agree with us and that is fine. The training methods and information we’re going to share with you can be considered controversial. Check em out and decide for yourself if you think this is something that can help you like it has helped so many others. In fact when Elliott and I first started talking about building muscle and burning fat at the same time over a year ago it was met with a lot of criticism from industry experts. As the results kept pouring in, many of these â€Å"experts† have now changed their tune and admitted that it is possible to both build and burn at the same time. Welcome to the bandwagon. Are you sick and tired of bulking up just to gain unwanted fat and the having to diet down just to lose hard earned strength and muscle? We sure are! There is a better way. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 4 We’re here to tell you that it is possible to tone and build your muscles while decreasing body fat. ? Think you can’t change your muscle fiber type? versus calories out? Think again. Sure you can. Think muscle building and fat burning is all about calories in ? Have you been brainwashed to think eating fats are bad for you and going to give you high cholesterol? Who Is This Report For? This is for anyone that wants to transform their physique by creating dense thick muscle while lowering body fat. This report was also written for those that are willing to break the rules and try something new and different. If you’re willing to keep an open mind and think for yourself this report is dedicated to you! We are going to refer to the process of both Building Muscle Burning Fat in the same training period as MUSCLE SHIFTING. MUSCLE SHIFTING is the process of transforming our physiques to be stronger and leaner with more endurance. MUSCLE SHIFTING is accomplished by focusing on three main strategies that we plan on covering in much more depth over the next week and a half. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 5 #1 Training: Using hybrid training to develop muscles with biologically superior capabilities. #2 Nutrition: We will rotate Nutrition Strategies To Keep The Body From Adapting #3 Hormones: Using the body’s traffic cops to our advantage Creed 1: Build Type III Super Muscles With greater Mitochondrial density Our bodies are made up of different types of muscle fibers. Type I fibers are known as ‘slow twitch’ fibers and have a high resistance to fatigue while Type II fibers are known as ‘fast twitch’ fibers and have a low resistance to fatigue. Slow twitch fibers support aerobic activities while fast twitch fibers are built for weightlifting and other activities that require short bursts of energy. Guys who are built with lots of Type I muscle fibers make great marathon runners but terrible weightlifters. Likewise, guys who are mostly made up of Type II fibers are ideally built to WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 6 ift weights but poorly suited for long-term aerobic activities such as long distance running. However, by applying certain scientific principles, it is possible to create hybrid super muscles that have the best characteristics of both Type I and Type II muscle fibers. To create these ‘hybrid super muscles’ we are reconfiguring Type I and Type II muscle fibers into a new variety of muscle fiber (Type III) that has endurance, strength and greater mitochondrial density. The greater the mitochondrial density, the more energy we have available for our muscles. Mitochondria are essentially the muscle cells’ powerhouses, taking nutrients, breaking them down and producing energy for the muscle cells. The form of energy used to power our cells is known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When you increase the mitochondrial density of muscle fibers, you boost mitochondrial capacity to burn fat for conversion into ATP. This enhanced utilization of fat for energy brings about a process known as ‘muscle shifting,’ which results in stronger muscles, increased lean muscle mass and a decrease in body fat. Also, as part of the muscle shifting process, a key function of greater mitochondrial density is to increase the capacity of the Type II muscle fibers to resist fatigue, thereby pushing them towards conversion to hybrid super muscles. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 7 How do we do this? Read the next tactic. Creed 2: utilize Resistance Cardio One of the amazing qualities of super hybrid muscle fibers is that they utilize more fat for energy than ordinary muscle fibers. That’s great because one of our primary goals is to keep body fat to a minimum. Our other primary goal though is to build bigger, stronger muscles. Fortunately, muscle shifting- creating super hybrid muscles- provides the body a tremendous advantage for building lean mass. The advantage stems from the fact that Type III muscles have the best qualities of both Type I and Type II muscles- meaning that you have muscle fibers that are both strong and resistant to fatigue. Therefore, because these muscle fibers don’t behave like ordinary muscle fibers, they need to be trained using different techniques, approaches and strategies. Ordinary training techniques won’t produce the results we want. To build super hybrid muscles, you need to utilize a multi-faceted training approach that incorporates elements that would individually be used to train Type I and Type II muscle fibers. In other words, we need to combine training techniques used for ordinary muscle fibers in order to facilitate muscle shifting and WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 8 address the unique characteristics of the resulting Type III muscle fibers. And the best way to do that is to utilize a training approach that includes a strong emphasis on both resistance (weight) training and cardio at the same time. Traditional training strategies use one or the other- not both. Combining the two into a hybrid training strategy produces results far superior to those that you could achieve through ordinary weight training or cardio training alone. EXAMPLES Tabata Using Tabata means alternating 20 seconds of exercise with 10 seconds of rest, nonstop for 8 sets. Unlike HIIT we typically prescribe for conditioning, but similar in its fat burning effectiveness, this style of training can be adapted any exercise; dumbell presses, barbell rows, jumping rope, rowing, push ups, whatever! It’s painful, but the results are worth it! KB Swings The swing maximizes muscular endurance in the back and waist, is a great lower body strength builder and is a highly effective conditioning exercise. 1) The starting position of the Two Arm Kettlebell Swing is with the kettlebell on the ground in front of you, knees bent, your weight centered towards your heels and your back flat WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 9 2) Start the movement by hiking the kettlebell behind you and then drive your hips forward to propel the kettlebell through its arc. The movement is similar to performing a standing broad jump, but of course you stay in the same spot 3) Your arms are just hooks and the power comes from the movement of the hips and the muscles of the posterior chain ie, hamstrings, glutes, lower back. 4) Swing the kettlebell to about chest height. At the top of the movement breathe out whilst contracting your quads, glutes and your abs (by tilting your pelvis up). 5) Breathe in and hold your breath as you let the kettlebell free fall back between your legs so that it passes through your legs as high as possible (to keep the arc tight and to stop unnecessary ulling on your back). Aim for your groin and then get your groin out of the way by taking you hips back 6) Although different trainees will have varying amount of knee bend the important thing is that the hips go back and thrust forward and that the quads do not take over the exercise. You should feel the movement in your hamstrings. If your quads are instead fatiguing then you are not taking the hips back at the bottom of the movement. Kettlebell swings are a fantastic exercise for fitness and conditioning and to develop strength and power in the posterior chain. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 10 Barbell Complexes â€Å"Barbell Complexes† are one of the most challenging types of Hybrid Conditioning that I’ve ever done! A Barbell Complex is a series of 6 to 10 movements, with no rest between each movement. Basically, you’ll pick up a barbell or a pair of dumbbells and you won’t put the weight down until all movements are finished. These workouts will make you angry, mad, sick and sad†¦ then you will vomit. But they work like hell for getting you lean and jacked. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 11 HERE ARE TWo EXAMPLES: BAd ASS BARBELL CoMPLEX Overhead squat for 10 reps Hang clean for 10 reps Standing military press for 10 reps Bentover row for 10 reps Lunge for 10 reps on each leg Romanian deadlift for 20 reps Front squat for 10 reps Sprint 50 yards Cheat Curl to press for 10 reps Standing Front Plate Raise for 10 reps with each arm Forward lunge for 10 reps with each leg Bentover alternating row for 10 reps with each arm Reverse lunge with overhead press for 10 reps with each leg Romanian deadlift for 20 reps Sprint 50 yards For the barbell complex, start with an unloaded bar. When you can bang out the exercises with no problem, then add another 5 lb plate to each side of the bar and keep going! For the dumbbell complex, start with 10 25 lbs and go heavier as you get in better shape. BAd ASS duMBBELL CoMPLEX WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 12 Creed 3: Train Concurrently for Multiple goals For many years now ‘bulking and cutting’ has been the most widely used strategy for gaining mass and getting lean. Bulking is the process where you work out really hard, eat a lot and don’t do any cardio. The idea is to put your body into ‘mass building’ mode so that you get really big. But because you inevitably pack on excess fat along with the muscle, you then have to go through the cutting process to shed the unwanted fat. During the cutting phase you decrease your caloric intake and ramp up the amount of time you spend doing cardio. It sounds great in theory but in practice it doesn’t work so well. First, it’s not good for the body to be pushed along a roller coaster ride of ups and downs. Second, when you’re in the cutting cycle, there’s no way to avoid muscle loss because of all the cardio you’re forced to do to get lean. You wind up going from fat but strong to lean but weak. And lastly, bulking and cutting can lead to insulin resistance, meaning that the body’s hormones become less effective at lowering blood sugar- resulting in more body fat and putting you at risk of developing serious health issues. The best way to approach this is to concurrently train to build muscle and lose fat at the same time. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 13 By using hybrid training and synergistic nutrition strategies this is entirely possible because instead of the ‘calories in calories burnt’ approach, you focus on manipulating the hormone systems- aka the ‘traffic cops’ that manage the body’s metabolism. Hybrid training is it at the heart of this strategy because by simultaneously incorporating both strength and endurance training, it works in harmony with the body’s natural systems, optimizing fat loss and mass gains. The nutrition approach focuses on the consumption of whole, unprocessed foods that include the proper balance of lean proteins, healthy fats and complex carbs combined with strategically-established periods of periods of negative energy balance. This systemic, hormone management approach allows you to simultaneously achieve your goals of building lean mass while cutting unwanted body fat. Creed 4: different Sources of Calories = different Results Instead of counting calories pay attention to the quality of your calories. It is important to note that not all calories are created equal. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 14 The truth is that different sources of calories will provide different results. Energy from the foods we eat comes from fats, carbohydrates and proteins- all of which are metabolized differently in the body. Additionally, within each of these categories there are metabolic distinctions as well. Saturated fats are not metabolized the same as unsaturated fats and complex carbs are metabolized differently than simple carbs. Because the hormonal response varies depending on the food source, these are important differences that you need to understand when planning your nutritional strategies. For example, the consumption of protein provokes a greater thermic effect than the consumption of carbs or fats. Thermic effect refers to the amount of energy the body uses to process food. The lower the thermic effect the easier it is for food to be turned into body fat. While proteins have the greatest thermic effect, saturated fats and simple carbs have the lowest. Now you know why consuming a 500-calorie donut is going to stimulate an entirely different hormonal response that getting that same 500 calories from organic chicken breast and steamed veggies. In fact the other day I read something that stood out to me in the WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 15 4-Hour Body by Tim Ferris. Way back in 1956, an interesting study was conducted by researchers Kekwick and Pawan. They compared three groups of persons on calorically equal diets of 90% fat, 90% carbs, 90% fat. Though the number of calories each group consumed every day was the same, as shown below, the outcomes were very different: ? 1000 calories at 90% fat = weight loss of . 9 lbs per day ? 1000 calories at 90% protein = weight loss of . 6 lbs per day ? 1000 calories at 90% carbs = . 24lbs of weight gain So you see that not only do you need to think about what foods you put into your mouth but also about the hormonal responses those foods will initiate and how they will impact your metabolism. Creed 5: Rotate Nutrition Strategies Our incredible ability to adapt is one of the human body’s most amazing qualities. Adaptability has not only been a key to our continued survival for thousands of years but it is also a cornerstone of the body’s optimal state of functionality. Our bodies get bored just like our minds do when faced with the same situations day in and day out. The mind doesn’t perform optimally when it’s bored and neither does the body. Actually, it’s just the opposite- our minds and our bodies function best when challenged and forced to adapt to new situations. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 16 In fact, adaptation is the whole basis of muscle growth and strength gains. When you lift weights, you are stressing the muscle cells. In reaction to this stress, the body ‘improves’ the muscle- making it bigger and stronger- so the next time you perform that same movement or exercise, there will be less ‘stress’ on the muscle. When it comes to nutrition, our bodies operate the same way. Our bodies obviously need energy to function- the energy we use is derived from the foods we eat. Maintaining the same nutritional strategy over and over for extended periods of time leads to diminishing returns because our bodies get accustomed to the same inputs every day. Essentially, you hit a plateau, just like you eventually do when you don’t vary your weight training routine. But switch things up and all of sudden you see quick results- until the body gets used to that change. Then you need to switch to something else to get results again. Regular rotation of nutritional strategies keeps the body’s hormonal systems from getting accustomed to a particular diet or nutrition approach. And since the hormonal systems are the body’s traffic cops, charged with managing metabolism, regularly switching things up optimizes fat loss, strength gains and increases in lean muscle mass. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 17 Creed 6: Fasting for Anabolic Fat Loss Fasting is the act of ‘willingly abstaining from food. ’ It has been practiced by humans for thousands of years. It is practiced for a variety of reasons including religion, as a form of protest as well as for health. A fast can be as short as just a few hours or could last up to a week or more. Though an ancient practice, fasting has recently stepped back into the spotlight due to its effectiveness as a technique for stimulating anabolic fat loss. Most people tend to think that fasting leads to rapid loss of muscle mass, leaving you gaunt and weaklooking. While that may be true for the ‘hardcore’ faster, for the strategic, occasional faster, that’s just not the case. In reality, strategic use of fasting can facilitate the loss of fat, without losing muscle mass (which is why it’s referred to as anabolic fat loss). This is possible because short, occasional periods of fasting activate a number of metabolic shifts in the body that signal the body to burn stored fat for energy. It is the frequent and longer-term periods of fasting that lead to loss of muscle mass, not just body fat. The hormonal shifts that we’re oncerned with begin shortly after the absorption of a meal is complete- typically between three and five hours after eating. For our purposes, the ideal period of fasting is from 3 up to 24 hours, WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 18 no longer than that. This is the ideal time period because the human body is naturally programmed to burn fat, not muscle, during brief periods of fasting. And since a reg ular, purposeful regimen of fasting is in tune with the ideal functioning of our hormonal regulatory systems it does not diminish performance either. As long as you don’t fast all the time but do it strategically, you can achieve some remarkable loss of unwanted body fat. Creed 7: Partitioning Helps You Build Muscle Burn Fat At The Same Time We’ve pointed out that hormones are the ‘traffic cops’ that direct the activities and responses that manage the body’s metabolic systems. We can have an impact on the way that hormones manage traffic in our body by manipulating factors such as diet, activity levels, weight training, sleeping, resting, managing stress levels and others. Influencing the hormonal traffic cops provides a measure of control over the operation of our metabolic systems. One particularly strong influence we can have is on how our hormonal traffic cops partition the energy our bodies use. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 19 When it comes to energy storage and usage, the body uses the same banks- fat, glycogen, muscle tissue or proteins- to deposit or withdraw energy. The process of managing where energy is deposited or withdrawn from is known as energy partitioning. Diet has an especially strong impact on the way our metabolic systems partition energy. Interestingly, evidence indicates that brief, strategic periods of under eating can manipulate the hormonal traffic cops to tell the body to partition energy to allow for the simultaneous building of muscle and burning fat. This is made possible in part because these controlled periods of under eating trigger the release of Growth Hormone. One of the key functions of Growth Hormone is to maintain growth and lean body mass during short periods of time when we don’t have access to food. This occurs because Growth Hormone mobilizes fat fuel energy to be redirected (partitioned) to protein synthesis (muscle growth). Our bodies are not designed to maintain muscle mass during extended periods of under eating- these situations trigger a survival response where the body is going to use anything and everything- including muscle- for fuel. But they are however, optimally designed to manage short, controlled periods of under eating, allowing us to convert excess body fat into lean muscle mass. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 20 Bonus Creed: Eat High Fat Meals to Promote Steroid Production Fats have gotten a really bad rap over the past 15-20 years. It seems like the day after food manufacturers figured out how to make ‘low-fat’ and ‘fat-free’ foods, the press started publishing stories about the dangers of fats, how they were responsible for the obesity epidemic and how bad they are for the body. But here we are 20 years later and Americans are fatter than ever before, despite all the low-fat and fat-free foods they’re eating. Seems like fats weren’t the culprit after all and in reality, it turns out that fats actually play an important role building bigger, stronger muscles. You know that the body produces steroid hormones (e. g. testosterone) that drive muscle growth and strength gains. The metabolic processes that trigger the production of steroid hormones are driven in large part by the foods we eat. Well, researchers have found that maintaining a low-fat, low-calorie diets appears to suppress the body’s production of steroid hormones. So cutting fats of your diet is not only a mostly ineffective strategy WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 21 for getting lean, but it’s also got some unwanted side effects such as reduced muscle mass and strength caused by diminished production of steroid hormones. Fortunately, we have a lot more knowledge today than we did in years past. And what we know today is that an occasional high fat meal is not just tasty and satisfying, but it promotes natural steroid production as well. Normally, when planning what foods to eat as part of your get lean/build muscle diet, you should choose healthy, unsaturated fats over saturated fats, which have a lower thermic effect and in general are less healthy. However, to really stimulate the production of steroid hormones, it’s perfectly acceptable- and recommended- to occasionally eat high fat foods such as a good juicy burger without being concerned about unsaturated versus saturated fat content. Do this from time to time and you’ll find that it’s good for both the mind and the body. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 22 What’s Next guys? We really hope you enjoyed this FREE Report and acquired some valuable information that will help you jumpstart your own transformation. When you build muscle and burn fat you become a new person, a new you. Just because this report was free, do not discount the information. A lot of people have already put these tips to the test. But we’re not done yet. If you enjoyed this report you’ll love this follow up Presentation we put together for you. Strange Methods To Incenerate â€Å"Spongy Fat Weight† Build Lean Muscle Tone 173% Faster leanhybridmuscle. com/free-presentation. php Stay Lean and Mean, Mike Elliott P. S. We’ve got a ton of new content and fun information coming at you over the few days. If you’re not on our email list you can register here to get notified about updates. WWW. LEANH YBRIDMUSCLE. COM 23 ABouT The AuThors My name is Mike Westerdal and many of you know me as the founder of one of the biggest weight lifting sites on the Web, CriticalBench. com. Here’s my story and how I got involved with this project. Like many of you I played sports in high school. I walked on the football team in college and played four years of D-IAA football. Keeping my body lean and strong during that period of my life wasn’t a problem. After all, we had practice, mandatory weight lifting sessions, morning running, and a very positive environment for keeping the body in an overall anabolic state. As the post-college years kept passing by, I found myself being less and less active. Don’t get me wrong, I found a new passion and started testing my merit in amateur powerlifting over the past few years; it has kept me really motivated and I do love the competition. But†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ something is missing. I’ve gotten a lot stronger but I’ve also gained over 25 lbs! It’s kind of embarrassing actually. Here I am preaching on the Internet and trying to help others stay fit and I go right ahead and pack on some unneeded pounds. Let me vent for a second. I’m 35 years young now and over the past few years I’ve felt like I’ve had to choose between being lean and WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 24 weak or strong and fat. I’m sick of the choice and I want it all. I want to be lean and strong at the same time, for good. I don’t want to bulk up and add muscle mass getting fat, just to lose it all when trying to drop the fat and acquire muscle definition. With Hybrid training you too will discover that you can take the best of several training styles and do them all concurrently. I have to admit at first I wanted to keep this information to myself because I was making such rapid gains when I combined this kind of training with some new â€Å"Hybrid Diet† strategies, but Elliott convinced me the right thing to do is bring this information to the forefront. I almost eel like it’s my responsibility to do so since I can reach so many people online. Besides, I remember what it used to feel like to be so confused with all the different routines and supplements when I was a teenager reading the muscle magazines. I don’t want anyone else to feel that way. Just do us one favor okay? We got kind of caught off guard by the popularity of all this. So please just be patient with us. Ell iott runs a gym called, Strength Camp where he trains athletes plus he has a wife and FOUR kids, so you can imagine his schedule is pretty full. Operating CriticalBench. om takes a huge amount of leg work on my part PLUS I’m actually expecting a baby with my wife Courtney in a couple months! Lots to do to get ready for that as well O WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 25 So we’ve both got a lot on our plate but we’ve both made the decision that we’re going to stay up late a few nights a week and do what it takes to continue sharing this journey with you. It’s humbling to get all the life changing emails and we both want to thank you for your interest and all the positive feedback. It really makes it all worthwhile. A lot of underground gyms across the country have implemented Lean Hybrid Muscle training. With your help over the past few months we’ve really made some exciting strides that you can read all about on the following web page: leanhybridmuscle. com/build-muscle. php Keep training hard, Mike WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 26 Who the heck is elliott hulse? Elliott was born in Brooklyn, NY and grew up on Long Island. The oldest of four siblings and child to Belizian immigrants, Elliott has always been obsessed with health, fitness and becoming the strongest version of himself. As a child Elliott’s Uncle Elroy lived as a member of the Hulse household. Uncle Elroy was an ex-gymnast, a Black Belt in Northern Shaolin Kung Fu, a marathon runner, a bodybuilder and would become, later in life, a strength and conditioning coach. Elliott began training with Uncle Elroy, with his brothers, using bodyweight exercises and odd objects at the tender age of four. In high school, Uncle Elroy taught Elliott how to train with barbells, dumbbells and plyometrics. As a result Elliott earned an athletic scholarship to play football for a Division 1aa program. After earning his bachelor’s degree, Elliott studied Exercise Physiology in graduate school. Elliott has interned and studied under some of the best experts in the field of strength, health and fitness. Experts such as Paul Chek, Joe Kenn and Tom Mitchell have had a tremendous impact on Elliott’s training philosophies and convictions. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 27 Why Should I Listen To Him? Today Elliott is the founder and owner of Strength Camp, a sports training facility in St. Petersburg Florida where he trains baseball, football, and high school wrestlers to get stronger and more explosive in their sports. Elliott is also a professional strongman, as well an author and publisher of over 50 books, audios and DVDs online. He is also the publisher of HulseStrength. com and he supports other strength, fitness and health experts in sharing their knowledge through his publishing company, Hulse Strength Publishing. We Saved The Best For Last! Click here to get our 2 Best Strategies for Building Muscle and Burning Fat! With These 2 unique Strategies You’ll Pack On dense Ripped Muscle By â€Å"SHIFTINg† Your Muscle Fiber Type Into A Biologically Superior Type III Hybrid Muscle That utilizes 173% More Fat For Energy! leanhybridmuscle. com/free-presentation. php WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 28