tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33840799223621257132024-02-08T12:19:21.451-08:00How to write essays in englishCognitive Psych Paper Topicsmatthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-2164055917108180132020-08-23T02:08:00.001-07:002020-08-23T02:08:08.826-07:00Film editing process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-35795174779492825512020-08-21T23:50:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:50:30.799-07:00Where do you see yourself in one year five years ten years free essay sampleWhere do you see yourself in one year? five years? ten years? Itââ¬â¢s an inquiry numerous individuals face in interviews, yet donââ¬â¢t set aside the effort to get ready for it. You might be enticed to imagine where youââ¬â¢ll be in five years on an individual level, yet thatââ¬â¢s not a suitable method to address the inquiry. Managers are searching for a couple of explicit characteristics when posing this inquiry. You are focused on the organization The present position is a characteristic advance toward your drawn out objectives You are self-propelled and have goals past the present position Your goals coordinate the companyââ¬â¢s You expect to remain with the organization long haul. Regardless of whether you donââ¬â¢t mean to, this isn't an ideal opportunity to demonstrate that You are centered around your activity target and vocation destinations and not just taking the principal work that is offered You will carry expanding an incentive to the situation as you develop and meet your drawn out objectives One of the most significant things you can do is to tune in to the issues that should be fathomed while you are meeting. We will compose a custom exposition test on Where do you see yourself in one year? five years? ten years? or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Address these while responding to the five-year question; situating yourself as a drawn out arrangement supplier for the organization. A typical concern is sounding excessively driven, which could cause the employing chief to feel compromised. Maintaining a strategic distance from this is insightful, yet itââ¬â¢s great to show a solid degree of practical desire. 1. In the event that you are an administrator or wish to get one, stress your enthusiasm for having more duties just as coaching others to profit the organization. 2. In the event that you wish to pick up skill in a field, underline this while figuring out how to show that your objectives tie into the companyââ¬â¢s destinations also. matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-33208158452820487132020-07-14T11:40:00.001-07:002020-07-14T11:40:02.897-07:00Texting while drivingTexting while driving Hi Friends,Texting is great but what do you think about texting while driving? Do you think that it is dangerous like elder people tell you or do you think that you can handle it just fine?For me, I initially thought, eh, no big deal, I am in control, plus there is always the urge to respond right away, you know UNTIL ONE DAY a friend texted me while I was driving home from the gym. It was nothing important but I responded to his text, while driving through a big long curve with trees on the sides blocking my view of the road ahead. As I was about to complete the big curve, I saw a lot of cars 50 feet in front of me, all stoppedThey stopped for the red light but because I was busy on the phone and I didnt see the road well, I wasnt prepared to stop the car at all. I slammed on my brakes and thanks God I was able to stop my car in time.I felt cold and sweat. On the rest of the way home, I thought hard about my decision in replying to my friends text. Was it a good idea to risk my lif e and maybe someone elses life too just to respond to an unimportant text? Plus the financial trouble should be very expensive texting while driving wasnt worth it at all.Since then, I have become very careful about my driving and today, I make this page in hope to spread the word about the huge consequences of texting while driving.Mobile phones have become very popular and teens texting while driving are on the rise. According to recent government statistic, accidents caused by texting while driving are more than accidents caused by drunk while driving. Some states have started to create laws to make texting while driving illegal.Texting while driving is very dangerous.Useful texting while driving links:http://www.fcc.gov/guides/texting-while-drivingLast Update Dec 19 2014: So sorry demonstrative video removed due to some readers reported it to contain violent graphics. matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-67553824193183912192020-05-21T10:39:00.001-07:002020-05-21T10:39:04.582-07:00Guy de Chauliac - Influential 14th-Century Physician This profile of Guy de Chauliac is part ofWhos Who in Medieval Historyà Guy de Chauliac was also known as: Guido de Cauliaco or Guigo de Cauliacoà (in Italian); also spelledà Guy de Chaulhac Guy de Chauliac was known for: Being one of the most influential physicians of the Middle Ages. Guy de Chauliac wrote an important work on surgery that would serve as the standard text for more than 300 years.à Occupations: PhysicianClericWriter Places of Residence and Influence: FranceItaly Important Dates: Born:à c. 1300Died:à July 25, 1368 About Guy de Chauliac: Born to a family of limited means in Auvergne, France, Guy was bright enough to be recognized for his intellect and was sponsored in his academic pursuits by the lords of Mercoeur. He began his studies at Toulouse, then moved on to the much-respected University of Montpellier, where he received his magister in medicina (masters degree in medicine) under the tutelage of Raymond de Moleriis in a program that required six years of study. Some time later Guy moved on to the oldest university in Europe, the University of Bologna, which had already built a reputation for its medical school. At Bologna he appears to have perfected his understanding of anatomy, and he may have learned from some of the best surgeons of the day, though he never identified them in his writing as he did his medical professors. Upon leaving Bologna, Guy spent some time in Paris before moving on to Lyons. In addition to his medical studies, Guy took holy orders, and in Lyons he became a canon at St. Just. He spent about a decade at Lyons practicing medicine before moving to Avignon, where the popes were residing at that time. Some time after May, 1342, Guy was appointed by Pope Clement VI as his private physician. He would attend the pontiff during the horrific Black Death that came to France in 1348, and though a third of the cardinals at Avignon would perish from the disease, Clement survived. Guy would later use his experience of surviving the plague and attending its victims in his writings. Guy spent the rest of his days in Avignon. He stayed on as physician for Clements successors, Innocent VI and Urban V, earning an appointment as a papal clerk. He also became acquainted with Petrarch. Guys position in Avignon afforded him unparalleled access to an extensive library of medical texts that were available nowhere else. He also had access to the most current scholarship being conducted in Europe, which he would incorporate into his own work. Guy de Chauliac died in Avignon on July 25, 1368. The Chirurgia magna of Guy de Chauliac The works of Guy de Chauliac are considered among the most influential medical texts of the Middle Ages. His most significant book is Inventarium seu collectorium in parte cyrurgicali medicine, called by later editors Chirurgia magna and sometimes referred to simply as Chirurgia. Completed in 1363, this inventory of surgical medicine pulled together medical knowledge from about a hundred earlier scholars, including ancient and Arabic sources, and cites their works more than 3,500 times.à In Chirurgia, Guy included a brief history of surgery and medicine and provided a discourse on what he thought every surgeon should know about diet, surgical implements, and how an operation should be conducted. He also discussed and evaluated his contemporaries, and related much of his theory to his own personal observations and history, which is how we know most of what we do about his life.à The work itself is divided into seven treatises: anatomy, apostemes (swellings and abscesses), wounds, ulcers, fractures, other diseases and the complements to surgery (the use of drugs, bloodletting, therapeutic cauterization, etc.). All in all, it covers nearly every condition a surgeon might be called upon to deal with. Guy emphasized the importance of medical treatment, including diet, drugs, and the application of substances, reserving surgery as a last resort.à Chirurgia magna contains a description of a narcotic inhalation to use as a soporific for patients undergoing surgery. Guys observations of the plague included an elucidation of two different manifestations of the disease, making him the first to distinguish between pneumonic and bubonic forms. Although he has sometimes been criticized for advocating too much interference with the natural progression of the healing of wounds, Guy de Chauliacs work was otherwise groundbreaking and extraordinarily progressive for its time. The Influence of Guy de Chauliac on Surgery Throughout the Middle Ages, the disciplines of medicine and surgery had evolved almost independently of one another. Physicians were regarded as serving the general health of the patient, tending to his diet and the illnesses of his internal systems. Surgeons were considered to deal with external matters, from amputating a limb to cutting hair. In the early 13th century, surgical literature began to emerge, as surgeons sought to emulate their medical colleagues and raise their profession to one of comparable esteem. Guy de Chauliacs Chirurgia was the first book on surgery to bring to bear a substantial medical background. He vehemently advocated that surgery should be founded on an understanding of anatomy -- for, unfortunately, many surgeons of the past had known next to nothing of the particulars of the human body and had merely applied their skills to the ailment in question as they saw fit, a practice that had earned them a reputation as butchers. For Guy, an extensive understanding of how the human body worked was far more important for the surgeon than manual skill or experience. As surgeons were beginning to come to this conclusion, as well, Chirurgia magna began to serve as a standard text on the subject. More and more, surgeons studied medicine before applying their arts, and the disciplines of medicine and surgery began to merge. By 1500, Chirurgia magna had been translated from its original Latin into English, Dutch, French, Hebrew, Italian and Provenà §al. It was still regarded as an authoritative source on surgery as late as the seventeenth century.à More Guy de Chauliac Resources: Guy de Chauliac in Print The links below will take you to a site where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the books page at one of the online merchants. The visit merchant linkà will take you to an online bookstore, where you can find more information about the book to help you get it from your local library. This is provided as a convenience to you; neither Melissa Snell nor About is responsible for any purchases you make through these links. The Major Surgery of Guy de Chauliactranslated by Leonard D. RosenmanInventarium Sive Chirurgia Magna: Text(Studies in Ancient Medicine , No 14, Vol 1) (Latin Edition)edited and with an introduction by Michael R. McVaughVisit merchant Guy de Chauliac on the Web Chauliac, Guy DeExtensive entry from theà Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography includes a useful bibliography. Made available at Encyclopedia.com. Medieval Health Medicineà Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright à ©2014-2016 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission isà notà granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission,à pleaseà contactà Melissa Snell.The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/gwho/fl/Guy-de-Chauliac.htm matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-75574657137503933452020-05-06T23:12:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:12:25.326-07:00A Case Study of Marriott International - 9298 Words EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Marriott International envisions itself to be the worldââ¬â¢s lodging leader. Its mission is to provide the best possible lodging services experience to customers who vary in backgrounds, language, tradition, religion and cultures all around the world. Marriot is committed to environmental preservation through using environment-friendly technology and engages in social responsibility and community engagement. We value our shareholderââ¬â¢s so we will only take steps that will ensure our growth. Most importantly, through our ââ¬Å"spirit to serveâ⬠, we emphasize the importance of Marriottââ¬â¢s people and recognize the value they bring to the organizationââ¬â¢s growth and success. It aims to increase revenues by 9% every year, to increaseâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Accor ââ¬â This is a private French Company and of the largest employers in the lodging industry. It employs 168,600 employees working in 4,000 properties in 90 countries. It is ranked second with the revenues of $9.03 billion in 2005. It is well known for its upscale brands, Len and Sofitel. Accor also operates and owns stakes in several hospitality and food services. Hilton Hotels Corporation ââ¬â Hilton was founded in 1946 and headquartered in Beverly Hills, California. It has 2,838 hotels worldwide under the brands Conrad, Doubletree, Embassy Suites etc. HTL operates upscale full-service and limited service hotels in urban, airport, resort and suburban locations. It ranks third in the number of employees (105,000) and revenues ($8.6 billion) but second in net income of $552 million. Intercontinental Hotels Group ââ¬â It is British company and the most profitable among the four industry leaders. It owns, manages, leases and franchises approximately 3,741 hotels in approximately 100 countries as of 2006. It ranks number one in gross margins (54%), operating margins (24.7%) and earnings per share ($2.10) even if itââ¬â¢s smallest in the strategic group. It appears to be the cost leader among the big four companies in the industry. II. CPM and EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATOR Table 1 Competitive Profile Matrix | | |AccorShow MoreRelatedMarriott International Case Study1864 Words à |à 8 PagesThe Mega-merger in Hospitality Industry ---- A Case Study of Marriott Internationals Acquisition of Starwood Hotels Resorts Worldwide Introduction On 23 September 2016, Marriott officially announced the completion of acquiring Starwood at the price $13.6 billlion. 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Marriott, managed to expand the familyââ¬â¢s business from a chain of restaurants to a chain of hotels in a periodRead MoreThe Year Of The Mergers And Acquisition Essay1500 Words à |à 6 PagesStreet investors like mergers and acquisition. However, the decision of making investors happy can result in a pitfall for many organizations. A recent study conducted by KPMG revealed that 83% of mergers fail. For instance EBayââ¬â¢s merger with Skype failed because of technical integration, Wendyââ¬â¢s and Arby failed because of Arbys lack of international exposure, and Chrysler failed because of cultural differences. Although the organizations failed for different r easons, the common trend is not havingRead MoreSwot Analysis : Marriott International, Inc.1421 Words à |à 6 Pagesparticipants derive meaning from their surroundings, and how their meanings influence their behavior (Malhotra, 2012). Marriott International, Inc. is a global leading lodging company with more than 4,200 properties among 78 countries and territories. Marriott International announced revenues of nearly $14 billion in fiscal year 2014. Founded by J. Willard and Alice Marriott and guided by Marriott family leadership for nearly 90 years, the company is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, USA (Marriott.ComRead MoreMarketing Researchs Crucial Role in Helping Marriott Hotels Essay952 Words à |à 4 Pageshotels. Marketing research has been a significant backbone for the success of Marriott. Therefore, marketing research is an important requisite for Marriott to keep track of their changing consumer and business customer needs, to identify new opportunities in the hospitality service sector, to further develop and differentiate its various brands, and to develop strong brand equity. Through marketing research, Marriott has scaled magnificent heights of operational success. 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The brands studied were The Ritz-Carlton, Courtyard Marriot, Residence Inn Marriot and Fairfield InnRead MoreChallenges of Sustainability Within the Hospitality Industry2152 Words à |à 9 PagesUniversityà Collegeà ofà Northernà Denmarkà CHALLENGESà OFà SUSTAINABILITYà IMPLEMENTATIONà FORà MARRIOTTà HOTELSà à RESORTS Aà managementà caseà assignmentà byà Kellyà Hrupaà 5thà semesterà IHMà Eà 2011à 2013à submittedà toà theà Departmentà ofà Internationalà Hospitalityà Managementà inà accordanceà withà theà requirementsà forà theà PBAà degreeà No.à ofà charactersà (excl.à titleà page,à tableà ofà contentsà andà listà ofà references):à 11883 No.à ofà charactersà (incl.à titleà page,à tableà ofà contentsà andà listà ofà references):à 14472 Signature: matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-51015928817908230262020-05-06T07:38:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:38:05.619-07:00An After Thought of Short Stories Free Essays Was he trying to tell us something that we already knew but were to blind to see? Well when I read the quote I immediately thought of two short stories After the Sirens by Hugh Hood, and Here There Be Tygers by Ray Bradbury. When reading these two pieces of material one can easily decipher that there is no validity to conflicts that end in death because then no one wins. In both of these stories the authors have depicted their philosophy on chaos and disaster even though it was not said in those exact words. We will write a custom essay sample on An After Thought of Short Stories or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, because the two stories have no relation there is a contrast in the message being sent to us. This specific quote by Jefferson creates a mood for the readers to kind of set the setting for the whole idea of disaster. When using settings the authors are very careful to include certain details that will help the reader to picture in there mind what exactly is taking place. Hugh Hood did a very good job at this when he wrote the short story After the Sirens. This particular story took place at 4:45 in the morning, in North America somewhere close to New York City. Hood set several moods throughout the story such as frustration, panic, confusion and hysteria to allow the reader to feel what the characters felt. In Here There Be Tygers Ray Bradbury set the time frame to a futuristic point of view on Planet 7 of star system 84. In this particular short story Bradbury describes the planet in great detail giving the reader a feel for the great beauty of the wonderland referred to as a planet. One of the characters decides that he wants to use the planet to his benefit and then get the hell out of there, but as he soon finds out things do not exactly go as he plans. Therefore one can tell that the setting is one of the most important characteristics of a story of any kind. A character is a person involved in a play, story, etc used to create personality. In After the Sirens the father of the family was made the main character and was portrayed as a hero like figure. He knows exactly what to do and how to handle the situation. He stays calm in order to save his family from any major damage. Another of the main characters was the wife. She was the exact opposite of the husband in the fact that she was totally hysterical. She added to the panic and allowed the reader to feel what she was feeling. Other characters in the story included the baby who did not really play a significant role in the whole idea, and the news broadcaster. The news broadcaster was also filled with a huge amount of hysteria and panic and set the whole mood for the reader. In the story Here There Be Tygers the main character was an uncaring, selfish man named Chatterton. He was more concerned of what he could get from the planet than the good the planet could do for him. Some of the changes that occurred with this character include the major fact that he dies due to his rude and careless behavior that caused the planet to take action and kill him. Other characters that had some what of a significant role include; Driscoll, the man who stayed on the planet after he took a great liking to it, then there was Captain Forester the leader of the whole expedition, and lastly Koestler who was basically just a follower along for the work and not really noticed a great deal. Theme is the whole topic or idea that the author chooses to illustrate to the reader. The message that Hugh Hood while writing After the Sirens was sending to his reader was basically that war is pointless, no one wins and no one looses and the innocent bystanders are always the ones to get caught in the middle. Some specific quotes that Hood included in the reading were: Over in half an hour, and nobody won, as well as How many died asked the father. Everybody in the area, almost no exceptions. Youre a statistic now, thats what you are.. Lastly Hood said that They were the seventh, eighth, and ninth living persons to be brought there after the sirens.. Ray Bradburys main message that he was trying to send in Here There Be Tygers was that we should respect planets even if they dont belong to us. There is no point to destroying it because soon enough there wont be anything left to destroy and then where does that leave you Some particular Quotes used were I have to much respect for other worlds to treat them the way you want to as well as the idea suggested by Forester the perhaps the planet was a woman waiting for visitors for millions of years. Preparing herself, making herself beautiful, and putting on her best face. When Chatterton treated her badly, she warned him a few times, and then when he tried to ruin her beauty she eliminated him. In conclusion one can see that the whole idea that was sent by each author was not said exactly in the words most were looking for but described through the theme to send out a message to each reader. Simply by pointing out certain topics such as setting, character and theme to help get the point across can prove the contrast between stories. Basically the events that occurred throughout each story most certainly have become clearer pointing out the setting and how it changes and the moods it sends to the reader. As well the character area points out the protagonist and how he/she changes and some of the other significant characters. Lastly, the theme part of the idea explains more clearly the authors purpose and certain quotes, ideas and messages that he wrote to help the reader to understand it better. In conclusion one can see that it helps a reader to understand short storys, novels etc when such topics as setting, character and theme can be clearly stated. How to cite An After Thought of Short Stories, Essay examples matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-51453236631387051852020-04-24T04:04:00.001-07:002020-04-24T04:04:03.371-07:00Should The Obama Generation Drop Out free essay sample When it comes to embarking on post secondary education the views of itââ¬â¢s importance and relevance is controversial. In Murrayââ¬â¢s Op-Ed piece, ââ¬Å"Should The Obama Generation Drop Outâ⬠, he believes a college education is unnecessary. I, however disagree with Murrayââ¬â¢s notion. College is necessary according to a personââ¬â¢s career choice and itââ¬â¢s requirements. Throughout my middle and high school years, both my peers and I were strongly encouraged to go to college. I was not only urged by teachers, but my family members also. It is intriguing how closely connected that is after Murray discussed how college is promoted and organized. Growing up, I was taught that college would be the door of opportunity to a better life guaranteed. While college maybe unnecessary for some, it is necessary for others. As for myself, I believe college is necessary in order for me to advance towards my career in Journalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Should The Obama Generation Drop Out ? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Upon my high school graduation, I had decided to go straight into the workforce. At the time I preferred to have a job making money instead of going to school losing money. Quickly, I learned that I was still losing money even though I was working. I was working for survival, just to make ends meetâ⬠, and in opposite direction of the career I desired. That experience alone encouraged me to pursue my college education even more because I knew I could not make it without it. Nowadays a bachelorââ¬â¢s degree is a prerequisite for jobs in journalism, regardless of the fact that one may have the experience or talent. My purpose for being in school is to get a deeper understanding of the media industry and career I aspire. The only way to attain the knowledge I require is by going to college. Murrayââ¬â¢s notion is to repudiate the bachelorââ¬â¢s degree as a job qualification. Therefore, focusing more on vocational training and certification exams and carefully selecting the applicant who possesses the acquired skills. He quotes, ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s what you can do that should count when you apply for a job, not where you learned to do itâ⬠. He believes this is probably why many young adults are not able to get a degree or desire to attend a four year college. He also stated, ââ¬Å"A large majority of young people do not have the intellectual ability to do genuine college level workâ⬠. And continues on with a statistic that ââ¬Å"10 to 20 percent of all 18 year olds fully absorb liberal arts textbooks but the percentage is lower in the are of science and engineering. â⬠Murray claims that there will not be any improvements in the primary and secondary education to increase percentage and disciplines taught at the college level because they are too complex. He also said that college degrees works for upper class children and those who want to go to college. Murray states, ââ¬Å"They want to learn how to get a satisfying job that also pays wellâ⬠. For that to even be possible, the student must pursue some form of a higher education at a four year university, but Murray argued that it should no longer be necessary if certificate testing is optional. Even though Murray acknowledges that, I feel that his attitude towards secondary education is pessimistic. He is realistic about certain educational views, but overall his tone sounds subdued. It seems as though a studentââ¬â¢s laziness is acceptable and that itââ¬â¢s not imperative for them strive for success. If laziness is accepted it only obstructs the studentââ¬â¢s abilities. Murray seems to be okay with the standards being lower. I believe that having a college degree displays to the employer that the applicant is capable of accomplishing goals. After have carefully considering Murrayââ¬â¢s arguments, I disagree that the Obama Generation Should ââ¬Å"Drop Outâ⬠. Without a college education I do not believe that I would view the world as I do now. If I didnââ¬â¢t have the courses and teachers I have now, I would not think as intuitively as I do now. I would like to reflect back to one of our previous readings in Fahrenheit 451; I quote, ââ¬Å"Do you know why books such as this are so important? Because they have quality. And what does the word quality mean? To me it means texture. This book has poresâ⬠. This quote, best represents the importance of having secondary education. Without it we lack quality, and the education that we receive will provide the texture we need in our lives. Outside of my educational attributes, there is one main reason why I am pursuing my college education so viciously. My great grandmother is my inspiration to keep pushing towards obtaining my degree. Being that my great grandmother was unable to get a primary education because she had to be in the cotton fields to make a living for her family saddens me. So, I am grateful for the opportunity to be able to have a college education. I think we all forget to look at the bigger picture of it all. Iââ¬â¢ve never thought that education was a waste because without it we would not know anything. Also, as a young child I have always been curious about learning new things. The more I know, the more my eagerness becomes to learn more. Out the many things that we will possess in a lifetime, our education will always be with us. It canââ¬â¢t be repossessed or stripped away from us, it is something we will carry to the grave. You should only drop out if being in college is not a means to an end. Meaning, that you are here because you were made to go by your parents or youââ¬â¢re just going to say that you have gone. There are careers that you donââ¬â¢t need a college education in order to be successful. However, education is still apart of it. View as multi-pages TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT Academic degree, College, Gymnasium, High school, Higher education, Madrasah, Secondary education, University RELATED DOCUMENTS Drop Outs Educational Failure ââ¬Å"Every year, over 1. 2 million students drop out of high school in the United States alone. Thats a student every 26 seconds ââ¬â or 7,000 a dayâ⬠(Thornbergh). Why this happening and more importantly, what is being done to solve this problem? Because of boring classes, too much freedom, and just a lack of motivation, students nationwide are dropping out of school, and are starting on the path of minimum wage and regret. Schools are 989 Words | 5 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Cause of College Drop Outs they all come down to these: poor academic performance, financial problem and troubles with the course. Firstly, the ability to study is the main element for learning effectively. Poor academic performance is the leading reason that makes students drop out. A lot of students who have been accepted to a college arenââ¬â¢t focused also lacking academic skills and self-motivation abilities. Students who may have maintained an average performance in high school may find 989 Words | 2 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Factors Affecting the Increase of Drop Outs affect you regarding school matter ? Table 7 : Does your peer behave affect in school ? Table 8 : Does the school facilities , teaching equipments and teachers affect your studying ? Table 9 : What do you think is the main reason of drop outs of student ? vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 : Do you like your course now ? Figure 2 : Is there any person who motivates you to pursue your course ? Figure 3 : If ever you 989 Words | 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Raising the Drop Out Age Persuasive Paper Raising the Drop Out Age Students at the age of 16 are too young to make life changing decisions about their education. In the United States almost every state complies with the age limit of 16 for a student to be able to decide as to whether they would want to continue their education. The age requirement to be able to make this decision should be raised to 18 because education is important, 16 is not a mature age to make such a 989 Words | 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT High School Drop Outs Statement: I believe that dropping out of school is the direct result of strain caused by the economic/political institutions that are within the social structure. Introduction: The Social Structure is the housing for the social institutions: Politics, Economics, Mass Media, Groups/Organizations, Family, Education and Religion. What I plan to discuss in this research project is how economic and political institutions contribute to the cause of dropping 989 Words | 6 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT School Drop Out Introduction 1 Justification 3 Topic 6 Problematic 6 Sub-problematic 6 General Objective 7 Identify causes dropouts in seventh graders Heredia Lyceum. 7 Specific Objectives 7 Hypothesis 7 Theoretical Framework 8 School Drop out 8 Factors of school Drop out 9 Family 9 Bullying 10 Educational System 14 The Economic Factor 18 The use and abuse of drugs 20 Analyses and Results 22 Conclusions and Recommendations 31 989 Words | 24 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Drop Out Rate Lopez 1 Eng 1301. 01 Professor Blakemore 22 October 2010 Comparing ââ¬Å"Heroesâ⬠Heroes are people who do well with their lives. Heroes are people society looks up to; people who make a difference. In Losing Private Dwyer by Lawrence Downes and In Chronicle of an American Execution by Dan Barry, Daryl Holton and Joseph Dwyer were both ââ¬Å"Heroes,â⬠they were men who were at one point looked up to but then everything changed. An army man is what they were. Within the two narratives, veterans 989 Words | 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT High School Drop Outs The prevalence of high school drop outs is increasing alarmingly. This is the government concern because today statistics show that there is high rate of high school drop out all over the United States. Because of this the US government is finding ways to avoid this threatening situation to get worse. High school drop outs are not a very good sign for their countryââ¬â¢s future. Increase of drop 989 Words | 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT CITE THIS DOCUMENT APA (2014, 03). Should The Obama Generation Drop Out ?. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 03, 2014, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Should-The-Obama-Generation-Drop-Out-48477870. html MLA MLA 7 CHICAGO matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-19767864384809201742020-03-17T20:23:00.001-07:002020-03-17T20:23:03.021-07:00The Detrimental Effects in Changing the Rent Contr EssaysThe Detrimental Effects in Changing the Rent Contr Essays The Detrimental Effects in Changing the Rent Control Act Rent Control-pro The Detrimental Effects in Changing the Rent Control Act In a just society, the ruling authority must decide what is right when allocating wealth to its individual citizens. The same ruling authority does this by intervening with the inner workings of a marketplace to uphold its fundamental values and ideals. The aim of government intervention is to create a just society that will reflect the peoples values. Governing bodies do this by establishing laws that enforce fairness or equity. The Ontario government passed the Rent Control Act in 1975. The law levels the playing field between landlords and tenants. New units are exempt from controls for their first five years after which the controls are put into place. The controls put a ceiling on annual rent increases. Under current law, a landlord may only increase a tenants rent by 2% plus inflation.1 As with all other markets, the housing market is based on supply and demand. If the nature of the market were allowed to take its course, then the price of housing would become unaffordable for most citizens. An unfair situation would be created where power and money would be disproportionately appropriated to land owners. Rent control laws were established by previous governments to protect society and its people from inflated and uncontrollable housing costs. The Harris government now wants to repeal these laws. On June 25 the Minister of Housing, Al Leach, released a policy paper outlining the changes that are to be made to Ontarios rent laws. Conservative legislators plan to pass the proposed Tenant Protection Act in the fall. The omnibus legislation will rescind the Rent Control Act, the Landlord and Tenant Act, the Rental Housing Protection Act, Residents Rights Act, the Land Lease Statute Amendment Act, the Vital Services Act.2 The most objectionable change allows the act to lift controls off vacant units. The 3.2 million renters in Ontario are very concerned about the changes.3 The housing ministry will accept written submissions from the public until August 30. Public hearings are also planned in hope that they will ease the transition. However, most people are indignant towards the idea. Changing the rent control laws would be detrimental to society as they threaten citizens positive right to affordable housing, harm their mobility rights and increase the gap between the rich and the poor. The proposed Tenant Protection Act assaults peoples right to affordable housing. If people are to adhere to a basic standard of living, then the cost of their homes must be affordable. But what exactly is affordable? The Ministry of Housing released a report stating that 70,000 Toronto house holds (20% of the citys population) do not have affordable housing. The report explains that a tenants' housing is unaffordable if they are paying more than a quarter of their gross income in rent. This is an alarming thought since some renters are paying 70-80% of their gross income in rent.4 The problem of high housing costs is combated by rent control to allow people a minimum quality of life. Housing like medical care is not normal good or service. It is a basic need. Renters need to buy more than landlords need to sell. If the renter does not get a place to live, he is on the street. If the landlord has no tenant, he just has an empty apartment. In short, there is a mismatch of power in the rental market. The laws of supply and demand are unfairly applied against the buyer. Thus controls came into being precisely because the market does not work. Lifting controls would hurt peoples ability to bear the cost of housing without serious harm. The government justifies this action by arguing that something must be done about Torontos apartment shortage. Because apartments are offered below their market value, they are sold faster new ones can be created. Toronto has a vacancy rate of .8% with only twenty new apartment units built in Metro last year.5 Currently, two thirds of renters move once in five years. Since controls are lifted off vacant apartments, the government believes that after a few years, most apartments will be decontrolled and the supply problem would matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-15444076832333793492020-03-01T12:09:00.001-08:002020-03-01T12:09:02.911-08:00Words for Names of PeopleWords for Names of People Words for Names of People Words for Names of People By Mark Nichol Words that include the element nym, and some that include nom, pertain to names and naming. Such terms as anonymous (literally, ââ¬Å"without a nameâ⬠) and pseudonym (ââ¬Å"false nameâ⬠) are ubiquitous, but most others in this class are more or less obscure. This post lists and defines such terms that pertain to individuals and groups of people. An allonym (ââ¬Å"other nameâ⬠) is the name of one person employed as a pseudonym by one or more other people, as in the case of the name Publius, the non de plume of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, which called back to Publius Valerius Publicola, a founder of the Roman Republic. (ââ¬Å"Non de plumeâ⬠itself, and ââ¬Å"nom de guerre,â⬠which mean, respectively, ââ¬Å"pen nameâ⬠and ââ¬Å"war name,â⬠are terms adopted from French that are synonyms of pseudonym.) An anthroponym (ââ¬Å"man nameâ⬠) is a proper name or a surname. (A gamonym is a name acquired as a result of marriage.) Aptronym is a recent coinage playing on apt, denoting a surname coincidentally appropriate to a personââ¬â¢s profession, such as when someone who makes beer is named Brewer. Autonym (self name)- or the synonym endonym, or ââ¬Å"inner nameâ⬠- refers to a term used by inhabitants of a place for that place (or themselves or their language), as in Deutsch, the German term for the German language; German is an exonym (ââ¬Å"outer nameâ⬠). (An ethnonym- people name- is a name for an ethnic group.) A charactonym is a fictitious characterââ¬â¢s name that alludes to a quality of that person; literature is replete with such names, including those characterizing combative spouses in the early radio sitcom The Bickersons and the comic strip The Lockhorns. An eponym (ââ¬Å"above nameâ⬠) is a person, place, or thing after which someone or something is named. A mononym (ââ¬Å"one nameâ⬠) is a single name, such as Leonardo or Madonna. A patronym (ââ¬Å"father nameâ⬠), or patronymic, is a name based on a male ancestorââ¬â¢s given name, especially those with prefixes and suffixes integrated into surnames, such as Mac- or Mc- or Fitz- in Gaelic, -ez and -es in Spanish and Portuguese, and -son and variants such as -sen in Germanic languages. The female equivalents are matronym/matronymic; such forms are rare (at least in Indo-European languages), though -dottir is used in Icelandic surnames. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)How Long Should a Paragraph Be?Empathic or Empathetic? matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-11150744050356791502020-02-14T03:35:00.001-08:002020-02-14T03:35:02.682-08:00Rhetorical Analysis of a Discourse Communitys Practices Essay - 1Rhetorical Analysis of a Discourse Communitys Practices - Essay Example Obviously, there is a considerable gap when information under the title is being passed over on one hand from professional to professional, and on the other hand, from a professional in the field marketing to a layman. Texts written in professional jargon typically suits the fellow professionals whereas texts written in plain English would, without doubt be constructed to suit the layman. When writing marketing papers it is imperative to distinguish the content for the two types of audiences. In the paper mentioned earlier, the content had been written to suit fellow marketing professionals. In marketing there are terminologies that cannot be easily deciphered by the layman unless they subjected the terms to a research. For instance, cause marketing, the seven Pââ¬â¢s , copy testing, intangibility, investometer, low-end market, permission marketing, segregation, segmentation, warm marketing amongst others that were not contained within the paper whose title had been mentioned earl ier. Most of these terminologies are normal English words that would mean a different thing to layman, yet for a marketing professional the terms do have a relational meaning from the normal English usage. For instance, the term intangibility is an adverb and its derivative adjective intangible refers to ââ¬Ënot having physical presence or unable to be touchedââ¬â¢ (Soanes and Angus, 908). In marketing and from the usage in the paper it is used to describe the fruitless effort in assessing the value earned from performing an activity using tangible evidence. Hence, whereas it is proper to write an easily decipherable paper that can be read by everybody, technical languages associated with marketing will always prove difficult for those individuals who are not accustomed to the field. Although critics of technical writing argue that writing in marketing tone interferes with clear communication, it is important to note that matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-47978275795838567412020-02-01T16:07:00.001-08:002020-02-01T16:07:03.499-08:00Adult nursing scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsAdult nursing scenario - Essay Example Mrs. Taylor, 68 is admitted with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) She is breathless and anxious.She has limited mobility due to a painful left hip.Using the Reflective Cycle of G. Gibbs (1988) I will reflect on the learning and developmental needs identified in the scenario described. The six 'stopping points' provide a helpful personal insight and are followed, in order, throughout this essay.Description: When Mrs. Taylor was admitted in the condition earlier described, I was working with a senior colleague, a ward sister experienced in adult nursing. The patient was in pain, greatly distressed and with some cyanosis.She had been handling her condition at home with the help of oxygen and drug therapy, so her present state indicated that some triggers must have exacerbated the condition.These could be bronchitis, pneumonia, allergy or too many cigarettes.Feelings: I felt a sense of urgency and the need to get medication started to alleviate the symptoms. I fe lt concern for her physical well-being and some frustration that it could be helped 'at once.'When I observed how sister spoke softly and reassuringly to Mrs. Taylor, touching her hand and smoothing her forehead, I felt slightly ashamed.At sister's suggestion, Mrs.Taylor breathed more slowly and her anxiety diminished. I then sat with her, asking how she was feeling, really listening carefully to her responses.I thought how much more difficult this would be with a child or mentally disabled adult,recognising the need for a more psychological approach... These could be bronchitis, pneumonia, allergy or too many cigarettes. NICE Guideline (2004) conclude ' The disease is predominantly caused by smoking and nearly all sufferers are over 35.' 2. The painful left hip was another major cause for concern. We got her settled in bed, nebuliser mask on and bed head raised, promising pain relief for the hip. Feelings: I felt a sense of urgency and the need to get medication started to alleviate the symptoms. I felt concern for her physical well-being and some frustration that it could be helped 'at once.' When I observed how sister spoke softly and reassuringly to Mrs. Taylor, touching her hand and smoothing her forehead, I felt slightly ashamed. At sister's suggestion, Mrs. Taylor breathed more slowly and her anxiety diminished. I then sat with her, asking how she was feeling, really listening carefully to her responses. 'Attending is the act of really focusing on the person who needs help. We need to make ourselves deliberately aware of what the other person is saying and of what he or she is trying to tell us.' Morrison and Burnard (1991) I thought how much more difficult this would be with a child or mentally disabled adult, recognising the need for a more psychological approach, more reassurances and a 'person-focused' nursing style. Adults like Mrs. Taylor appear more able to contribute to their own improvement, being both knowledgeable and aware. I thought that no matter which nursing domain I was involved in, I would recognise that the same requirements of reassurance, administration of medication and accurate record keeping would apply. I would also adhere to the principles of respect for any cultural or social background. matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-66968580874849696352020-01-24T12:31:00.001-08:002020-01-24T12:31:03.286-08:00Roger Angell :: essays research papers Throughout his tenure at The New Yorker, Roger Angell has received the reputation as one of the best baseball writers ever, though his contributions to the magazine do not stop there. His family likely influenced his decision to join the magazine as both his mother and step-father worked for The New Yorker. This Harvard graduate began his work at the newspaper in 1962 as an editor, but now mostly writes about his passion: baseball. (Weich) à à à à à Roger Angell grew up in a less-than-perfect household. His father was unfaithful to his mother, and it was said that it went the other way also. At the age of eight, Angellââ¬â¢s parents divorced. His mother, an editor at The New Yorker, remarried only three months later to her colleague, E.B. White, also an editor. (Angell) Angell lived with his mother and step-father during his childhood. In 1942, he would graduate from Harvard. (Baseballlibrary.com) à à à à à Angell began writing for The New Yorker in 1962. It wasnââ¬â¢t so much his knowledge of baseball that made him a great writer, but the fact that he was a fan. His articles were never overloaded with statistics and many would not even include one. His view from a fans perspective forced his articles to focus more on the emotions he felt during the games and how the way the players reacted towards the game. Inside Sports columnist, Richard Ford explained Angellââ¬â¢s writing techniques. à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à Roger Angell has been writing about baseball for more than forty years ââ¬â mostly for the New Yorker magazine ââ¬â and for my money he's the best there is at it. There's no writer I know whose writing on sport, and particularly baseball, is as anticipated, as often reread and passed from hand to hand by knowledgeable baseball enthusiasts as Angell's is, or whose work is more routinely and delightedly read by those who really aren't enthusiasts. Among the thirty selections in this volume are several individual essays and profiles (the Bob Gibson profile, 'Distance,' for instance) which can be counted in that extremely small group of sports articles that people talk over and quote for decades, and which have managed to make a lasting contribution to the larger body of American writing.à à à à à (Weich) Roger Angell credited his superior writing skills to being given freedom to write about what he wants, how he wants to write.à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à Angell: ââ¬ËI think that instinctively I thought I'd have to trust myself and to report about what I was seeing, what I was thinking as a fan, and not to try to fake it by being knowing about these players and their deliveries and all that stuff which I later learned about. matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-70222800174711784752020-01-16T08:55:00.001-08:002020-01-16T08:55:05.562-08:00Platos Apology Of Socrates EssayINTRODUCTION Plato makes it clear, especially in his Apology of Socrates, that he was one of Socratesââ¬â¢ devoted young followers. In that dialogue, Socrates is presented as mentioning Plato by name as one of those youths close enough to him to have been corrupted, if he were in fact guilty of corrupting the youth,[1] and questioning why their fathers and brothers did not step forward to testify against him if he was indeed guilty of such a crime. The relationship between Plato and Socrates is not unproblematic. The charges against Socrates says that he has two sets of accusations: the old, longstanding charges that he is a criminal, a busybody, and a curious person who makes inquiries into the earth and sky, and the recent legal charges that he is guilty of corrupting the young, and of believing in supernatural things of his own invention instead of the gods recognized by the State.[2] Which he terms as charges stemmed from years of gossip and prejudice against him and hence was unanswerable. The trial of Socrates is the central, unifying event of the great Platonic dialogues. à The causes that occasioned this Apology were as follow: ââ¬â Aristophanes, at the instigation of Mellitus, undertook, in his comedy of the clouds, to ridicule the venerable character of Socrates, on the stage; and the way being once open to calumny and defamation, the fickle and licentious populace paid no reverence to the philosopher, whom they had before regarded as a being of a superior order.[3] When this had succeeded, Melitus stood forth to criminate him, together with Anytus and Lycon; and the philosopher was summoned before the tribunal of the Five Hundred. He was accused of making innovations in the religion of his country, and corrupting the youth. However, as both these accusations must have been obviously false to an unprejudiced tribunal, the accusers relied for the success of their cause on perjured witnesses, and the envy of the judges, whose ignorance would readily yield to misrepresentation, and be influenced and guided by false eloquence and fraudulent arts. In the Apology, Socrates tries to dismiss rumors that he is a sophist and defends himself against charges of disbelief in the gods and corruption of the young. Socrates insists that long-standing slander will be the real cause of his demise, and says the legal charges are essentially false. Socrates famously denies being wise, and explains how his life as a philosopher was launched by the oracle at Delphi. He says that his quest to resolve the riddle of the oracle put him at odds with his fellow man, and that this is the reason he has been mistaken for a menace to the city-state of Athens. THE APOLOGY of SOCRATES Socrates begins by saying he does not know if the men of Athens (his jury) translation often says ââ¬Å"gentlemen,â⬠have been persuaded by his accusers.[4] Plato often begins his Socratic dialogues with words that indicate the overall idea of the dialogue; in this case, ââ¬Å"I do not knowâ⬠. Indeed, in the Apology Socrates will suggest that philosophy consists entirely of a sincere admission of ignorance, and that whatever wisdom he has, comes from his knowledge that he knows nothing. Socrates asks the jury to judge him not by his oratorical skills, but by the truth. Socrates says he will not use ornate words and phrases that are carefully arranged, but will speak the chance thoughts that come into his head. I know not, O Athenians, how my accusers may affect you: I indeed have through them almost forgotten myself, so persuasively have they spoken; though, as I may say, they have not asserted any thing, which is true. However, among the multitude of their false assertions I am most surprised at this, in which they say that you ought to beware of being deceived by me, as if I were an eloquent speaker. For that, they should not be ashamed of asserting that which I will immediately confute in reality, since in the present instance I shall appear to you to be by no means eloquent, this seems to me to be the consummation of impudence; unless they call him eloquent who speaks the truth. The three men who brought the charges against Socrates were Anytus, son of a prominent Athenian, Anthemion. Anytus makes an important cameo appearance in Meno. Anytus appears unexpectedly while Socrates and Meno are discussing the acquisition of virtue. Having taken the position that virtue cannot be taught, Socrates adduces as evidence for this that many prominent Athenians have produced sonââ¬â¢s inferior to themselves. Socrates says this, and then proceeds to name names, including Pericles and Thucydides. Anytus becomes very offended, and warns Socrates that running people down could get him into trouble someday. Meletus, the only accuser to speak during Socratesââ¬â¢ defense. He is mentioned in another dialog, Euthyphro, but does not appear in person. Socrates says there that Meletus is a young unknown with hooknose. In the Apology, Meletus allows himself to be cross-examined by Socrates and stumbles into a trap. Apparently not paying attention to the very charges he is bringing, he accuses Socrates of atheism and apparently, of believing in demi-gods. Lycon, about whom little is known; he was, according to Socrates, a representative of the orators. O Athenian, I should answer the first false accusations of me, and my first accusers, Socrates claims to never have been a teacher, in the sense of imparting knowledge to others. He cannot therefore be held responsible if any citizen turns bad. If he has corrupted anyone, why have they not come forward to be witnesses? Alternatively, if they do not realize that they have been corrupted, why have their relatives not stepped forward on their behalf? Many relatives of the young men associated with him, Socrates points out, are presently in the courtroom to support him.[5] For many have been accusers of me to you for many years, and who have asserted nothing true, of whom I am more afraid than of Anytus and his accomplices, though these indeed are powerful in persuading; but those are still more so, who having been conversant with many of you from infancy, have persuaded you, and accused me falsely.[6] For they have said, that there is one Socrates, a wise man, studious of things on high, and exploring every thing under the earth, and of believing in supernatural things of his own invention instead of the gods recognized by the State. These men, O Athenians, who spread this report, are my dire accusers. For those who hear it think that such as investigate these things do not believe that there are gods.[7] In the next place, these accusers are numerous, and have accused me for a long time. They also said these things to you in that age in which you would most readily believe them, some of you being boys and lads; and they accused me quietly, no one speaking in my defence. Such however, as have persuaded you by employing envy and calumny, together with those who being persuaded themselves have persuaded others. Consider, therefore, as I have said, that my accusers are twofold, some having accused me lately, and others formerly; and think that it is necessary I should answer the latter of these first; for you also have heard these my accusers, and much more than you have those by whom I have been recently accused. Be it so. I must defend myself then, O Athenians, and endeavor in this so short a space of time to remove from you the calumny that you have so long entertained. I wish, therefore, that this defence may effect something better both for you and me, and that it may contribute to some more important end. I think however that it will be attended with difficulty, and I am not entirely ignorant what the difficulty is. At the same time let this terminate as Divinity pleases. It is my business to obey the law, and to make my apology.[8] Conclusion Socrates concludes this part of the Apology by reminding the jurors that he will not resort to the usual emotive tricks and arguments. He will not break down in tears, nor will he produce his three sons in the hope of swaying the jurors. He does not fear death; nor will he act in a way contrary to his religious duty. He will rely solely on sound argument and the truth to present his case.[9]Socrates punishment speech angered the jurors. 360 of them voted for the death penalty; only 141 voted for a fine of 3,000 drachmae. Now Socrates has to respond to the verdict. He first addresses those who voted for death. He claims that it is not a lack of arguments that has resulted in his condemnation, but rather his unwillingness to stoop to the usual emotive appeals expected of any defendant facing death. Again, he insists that the prospect of death does not absolve one from following the path of goodness and truth. To those who voted for his acquittal, Socrates gives them encouragement: He says that his daimon did not stop him from conducting his defence in the way that he did as a sign that it was the right thing to do. Therefore, death must be a blessing. It is either an annihilation (thus bringing eternal peace from all worries, and therefore not something to be truly afraid of) or a migration to another place to meet souls of famous people such as Hesiod and Homer and heroes like Odysseus. With these, Socrates can continue his task of questioning. Bibliography Leo Strauss. Socrates and Aristophanic. New York, 1966. [1] Pp 82-2 [2] Pp83- 2 [3] Pp 84-1 [4] Pp 82-2 [5]pp143-1 [6] Pp 138-2 [7] Pp 84-2 [8] Pp 180-2 [9] Pp163-4 matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-69731685441815332652020-01-08T05:18:00.001-08:002020-01-08T05:18:03.452-08:00Global Warming And Its Effects - 909 Words When I thought of global warming, I would think of warmer and shorter winters, longer and hotter summers. But global warming is more than we think and there is effective ways to make our world safer and healthier. In order to end global warming, we must get companies to adapt to eco-friendly manufacturing and distribution practices. But first we must educate ourselves on what global warming really is. Many ask what is global warming, well the definition of global warming is ââ¬Å"A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earthââ¬â¢s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased level of Carbon dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.â⬠But in other words global warming refers to increasesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦By consuming less we can help prevent global warming and promote a eco-friendly lifestyle. Some things we can do to live happier and healthier and help in the fight of global warming is to avoiding carbon emi ssions. We can help reduce carbon emissions and rising gas prices by selling our vehicles. By selling our vehicles we will become healthier by riding a bicycle or even using public transportation such as the bus, subway, or train. By using public transportation we will be reducing traffic on the roads and reducing our individual greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 1500 pounds per year. But if you are a person who canââ¬â¢t seem to function or survive without a car, then purchase a hybrid vehicle. Keep in mind if your daily commute to school or work is more than 2 to 3 miles than maybe you should move close where you can walk or even ride a bicycle to your destination rather than drive or pay bus fare. Living car-free is a liberating experience and we will be doing our fair share of global warming reduction on our way to work/school. Another way is eating fresh, local foods. There has been a coming in of organic food in supermarkets over the past few years. But we should stop and think about where our food is coming from. We should check our fruits and veggies and see if we notice a sticker that says ââ¬Å"Produce of Chileâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Mexicoâ⬠, or ââ¬Å"Chinaâ⬠. Also itââ¬â¢s important to make a mental note and ask yourself: how much of that food is actually matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-72668576197851089122019-12-31T01:44:00.001-08:002019-12-31T01:44:03.841-08:00Similarities between Hinduism and Islam - 2334 Words What are the Similarities between Hinduism and Islam? Hinduism and Islam are two religions that are similar in many ways. In Islam, the religion was created by The Prophet, Muhammad, created in 62 CE; In Hinduism, The religion was created by two different groups, the Dravidians, the first known people in India, and the Aryans, the Indo-European group of people who invaded the Harrapan civilization through the Hindu Kush, and that religion was Hinduism, created nearly 4,000 years ago. Other concepts that they also share are the aspects of the religions like The Idea of Reincarnation, caste system, the idea of a supreme god. Reincarnation in its essence is a religious belief. Many of people to this day believe in reincarnation or some cyclic of rebirth based on the migration of the human soul from one physical body to another. Perhaps the idea is best expressed in the words of Mahatma Ghandi, ââ¬Å"Each night, when I go to sleep, I die and the next morning, when I wake up, I am rebornâ⬠(Mahatma Gandhi). This quote illustrates the i dea of Samsara, the process of birth, death and rebirth. The process of reincarnation allegedly continues until the soul reaches its full maturity and perfection when it joins its source - God or the Universal Soul(World History). In Hinduism and Jainism, moksha is the discharge from the cycle of rebirth. The individuals who accomplish moksha are brought together with a definitive higher force, or God, and no more needed to persist lifetimes in whichShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Hinduism and Islam651 Words à |à 3 Pages Amongst the various religions practice are Islam and Hinduism. Both of these religions are widely practiced by people who believe in the same ideals or concepts. These separate religions are similar to one another, but also contrasting. Common themes can be found between Hinduism and Islam, but the differences are predominant as well. Those who practice Islam are typically Arabic and are called Muslimââ¬â¢s. This practice is based off of the text called the Qurââ¬â¢an. The Qurââ¬â¢an is a bible of sorts toRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism, And Islam1054 Words à |à 5 PagesEvery religion has its own goal, and their own believes, however there are also many similarities in their believes. Although the followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam may see things differently, they basically hold the same values and codes. To Islam, the Prophet Mohammadââ¬â¢s teaching is a ââ¬Å"complete and final revelationâ⬠. On the other hand, according to the bible, Christianity believes that Jesus Christ is the true lord and savior will grant you the access to heaven in the afterlife. JudaismRead MoreComparison And Contrast Of World Religions1194 Words à |à 5 Pagestheir specifics, are surprisingly similar. The three most prevalent religions in the world are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, in that order. All believe in a higher power that presides over and created man. Islam originated in approximately 609 C.E., or Common Era, and Christianity originated around 33 C.E. which is supposedly when Jesus Christ was crucified. The main prophet of Islam, Muhammad, is supposedly of the lineage of Jesus Christ. Both religions consider Abraham the father of the peopleRead MoreDifferences Between Islam And Hinduism1280 Words à |à 6 Pages Islam and Hinduism are both very large, popular world religions. Although the two religions have some common ground, there are many distinct differences between the two religions. Many of the differences are centered around two major beliefs. The two major beliefs are the means of salvation and the number of Gods the followers of the religions worship and believe in. Religions often answer questions about spiritual life. A question that is often asked is, ââ¬Å"What happens after death?â⬠Many peopleRead MoreDifferences Between Hinduism And Islam925 Words à |à 4 Pagesthis essay. Although there are very similar views between Hinduism and Islam the reasoning behind these, views differ due to the fact that basic key concepts of these faiths differ so tremendously. Although at a superficial glance the ethical viewpoints of Gender roles, Sexuality as a whole, Homosexuality ,and Sexuality as a whole seem almost consistent with one another. Although they differ in more ways than they are similar. Between Hinduism and Islam sexuality is viewed as rite of passage for marriageRead More Religion in India Essay1629 Words à |à 7 Pagesbound to be clashes within itself. India has had its share of different religions affecting its structure, but the three main religions are Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. All three of these religions have evolved drastically and have left a lasting mark on where India stands right now. Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world. The history of Hinduism extends over centuries, and the lack of early documents makes it difficult to trace exactly. ââ¬Å"Inwardly it changed from century to centuryRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1409 Words à |à 6 Pages Christianity and Islam were both spread in socially and economically similar and politically different. They both had an important people that role and spread of the religions. Christianity included the individuals of who believe in Jesus Christ. Christians are the flowers of the Christ who often believed is the son of the God (ââ¬Å"the fatherâ⬠); Christians strongly believe that Christ will return after the next life; the end of the world. Islam consists of individuals who believe in Allah, the godRead MoreReligion : Hinduism, Islam, And Christianity1079 Words à |à 5 Pagesworship and to follow their practices. A few of the main religions over time have been Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. These three religions consist of ideas and practices that may be very different, but are made up of the same general idea expressed in a new form. Although their main differences, each religion seeks one thing, and that s an afterlife. Most religions are made up of a god or many gods. Hinduism is considered a polytheistic religion, which means more than one god. Hindu beliefs,Read MoreEssay about Marriage Rituals Hinduism and Muslim1169 Words à |à 5 Pagesevent in contemporary society. It is a means of building new bonds between two individuals and their subsequent families. The foundations of memorable weddings are built on those that bring often-distant family and friends together for the occasion, while dressed in their most sophisticated attire, surrounded by elegant flowers, a night of dancing, captured through the lens of an exceptional photographer. Although Hinduism and Islam are two extremely distinctive religions, their matrimonial customsRead MoreThe Clash of Secular Thought and Religion1647 Words à |à 7 Pagesclash between secular thought and religion since its formation of societies in the classical age. Both have made an equal effect on the culture of each empire by influencing people to change their belief on the world. Major religions have made interactions, which affected some of their ideas for what they have become now. The major religions during the classical age are Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Daoism, and Zoroastrianism. These religions also have similarities and matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-6398941630589912472019-12-22T21:30:00.001-08:002019-12-22T21:30:04.588-08:00Essay on Bennis V. Michigan - 1038 Words Assignment 2 Issue: Under the stateââ¬â¢s tort law, does forgery occur when an individual finds a check written out to cash, and was there any intent to injure or defraud. Rule of law: Under Section 30-236 of the state penal code defines forgery as ââ¬Å"falsely making or altering any signature to, or any part of, any written purporting to have any legal efficacy with intent to injure or defraud.â⬠Section 45-3-109d of the state Commercial Code provides that when a negotiable instrument is made out to cash, it is a ââ¬Å"bearer instrument.â⬠â⬠¦ (a) bearer instrument refers to an instrument that is payable to anyone possessing the instrument and is negotiable by transfer alone; it is the same as cash.â⬠Analysis: Part 1 1. Falsely making or alteringâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦B. Issue: Under the stateââ¬â¢s tort law, does the constitutional violation occur when the library refuses to include the organizationââ¬â¢s literature among its materials, when it embodies a picture of a burning Koran being stepped on by a spiked boot. Rule of law: First Amendment states, ââ¬Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.â⬠Analysis: Part 1 1. No law respecting establishment of religion 2. Right of the people peaceably to assemble 3. Petition the Government for redress of grievances. Part 2 1. Did the Library affect the organizationââ¬â¢s establishment of religion 2. Did the Library affect the organizationââ¬â¢s right of peaceably to assemble 3. Did the Library petition the organizationââ¬â¢s for redress of grievances Part 3 If the burning of the American flag which is symbolic to the American nation can be burned why canââ¬â¢t the Koran, which is reading material. Conclusion: The case law defines the First Amendment, ââ¬Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for aShow MoreRelatedEffective Leadership Essay1798 Words à |à 8 Pagesthem to do as if they have thought of it themselvesââ¬Å"(Karns Bean, cited in Parker Begnaud, 2004). Leadership guru Warren Bennis describes leadership as ââ¬Å"those who make a contribution makes a difference in the organization, thus giving meaning to his or her workâ⬠(Czarnecki, 2010). Leadership occurs when one tries to influence the behavior of an individual or group (Bennis Nanus 1995; cited in Morley, Moore, Heraty, Gunnigle). LEADERSHIP THEORIES Early leadership theories were called universalismRead MoreEssence of Leadership6795 Words à |à 28 Pagesdeclare that I am the sole author of this assignment and the work is a result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. All references have been duly citedâ⬠à ii à Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures iv v Abstract............................................................................................................................. 6 à Literature Review .......................................................................................Read MoreHree Most Pressing Issues in Organizational Behavior2696 Words à |à 11 Pagesface uncertainty, among others. Bennis and Nanus (1985, p. 259) maintain that ââ¬Å"neither in common parlance nor in the literature on the subject, is there consensus about the essence of leadership, or the means by which it can be identified, achieved or measuredâ⬠. Leadership remains an elusive subject despite a large body of research from trait models (based on the traits and other characteristics of leaders) to behavioral perspectives (notably the Ohio and Michigan studies), to contingency theoriesRead MoreJustice Is Not Ambiguous : Justice3066 Words à |à 13 Pagesnew provision establishing a legal limit to campaign contributions and expenditures. This in turn created the Federal Election Commission (FEC) (Smith. 2003). The act was amended again after the Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s decision in Buckley v. Valeo 1976. The decision in Buckley v. Valeo struck down the limitation of individual campaign expenditure, but did uphold the limits set on individual campaign contributions. And in 1979, two more amendments were added to the act, that included; (1) unlimited hard moneyRead MoreModel Thesis31971 Words à |à 128 PagesClinefelter, Ph.D. Walden University 2010 ABSTRACT Customer Service Experience: A Quantitative Analysis of Frontline Employeesââ¬â¢ and Customersââ¬â¢ Perceptions in the Fast Food Industry by William Yaw Adufutse M.S.A., Central Michigan University, 2005 B.Sc., Central Michigan University, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University August, 2010 ABSTRACT Many investigators have documented a continuingRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words à |à 115 PagesScribblings, Love Letters and Shopping Lists 31 32 48 48 49 49 50 51 52 53 54 57 58 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 66 68 69 Page iv Please do not attempt to eat these notes. Organisational Analysis: Notes and Essays Page v Organisational Theory Introduction to the Workshop This workshop is not primarily about management of organisations, but about organisations and people. There is actually no such thing as ââ¬Ëmanagement theoryââ¬â¢ in terms of a separable area of studyRead MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Leadership Theories9999 Words à |à 40 Pagesafter being praised for showing up to work on time. The use of positive reinforcement is a successful and growing technique used by leaders to motivate and attain desired behaviors from subordinates. Organizations such as Frito-Lay, 3M, Goodrich, Michigan Bell, and Emery Air Freight have all used reinforcement to increase productivity.[28] Empirical research covering the last 20 years suggests that reinforcement theory has a 17 percent increase in performance. Additionally, many reinforcement techniquesRead MoreChange Management49917 Words à |à 200 Pagesorganizational norms and values to motivate a multi-cultural and diverse work force; (iv) ongoing examination of the way in which promotion and reward systems operate in a 10 MBA ââ¬âH4010 Organisational Development And Change diverse work force; and (v) changing the composition of the top-management team to improve organizational learning and decision making. Functional Resources : Each organizational function needs to develop procedures that allow it to manage the particular environment it facesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 Pagesposttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo EditorialRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 PagesApplications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-45945196561315564232019-12-14T18:00:00.001-08:002019-12-14T18:00:04.722-08:00The Shape of the Water Stain Free Essays With my eyes heavy from exhaustion, I roll over and glance at the clock for the eighth time tonight: 2:37am. As I turn back over, my thoughts echoing stresses from the day I just survived, I sigh in desperation. Itââ¬â¢s only Wednesday, and despite my intense fatigue and futile attempts, for the third time this week, I cannot fall asleep. We will write a custom essay sample on The Shape of the Water Stain or any similar topic only for you Order Now While I study the shape of the water stain on my ceiling, I try to imagine how many hours I have spent staring at that same spot and how many hours of sleep I have lost over the years. Itââ¬â¢s maddening. How can I be so incredibly tired but still find it nearly impossible to fall asleep? When I do finally fall asleep, why do I wake up still feeling exhausted? Why does this keep happening to me?Insomnia is acommon sleeping disorder that causes perpetual sleeplessness, and millions of people suffer from this disorder every day. According to Dr. David N. Neubauer of the Department of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, ââ¬Å"thirty percent ofadults experience insomnia at least occasionally, and ten percent have persistent insomnia. â⬠Furthermore, women, elderly people, and those with specific medical conditions are even more susceptible to the effects of insomnia. Routinely experiencing an insufficient amount of sleep has been linked to many extremely dangerous side effects. As stated by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, adults with sleep insufficiencies are at a high risk for developing chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, depression, and obesity, as well as cancer, increased mortality, and reduced quality of life and productivity (ââ¬Å"Insufficient Sleepâ⬠). In the book, Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation, written for the National Academy of Sciences by the Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research, Harvey Colten and Bruce Altevogt note, ââ¬Å"compared to healthy individuals, those suffering from sleep loss and sleep disorders are less productive, have an increased health care utilization, and have an increased likelihood of injury,â⬠and alarmingly, ââ¬Å"almost 20 percent of all serious car crash injuries in the general population are associated with driver sleepiness.â⬠With an estimated 50 to 70 million adults in the US suffering from chronic sleep disorders (Colten and Altevogt), this issue and its side effects continue to grow even more concerning.Possible CausesBehavioral IssuesOne possible cause of insomnia are behavioral issues. In the book Adolescent Insomnia, Dr. J. R. Morrison, a professor of counseling, and Brian Storey, a research assistant at the University of San Diego, explain that, ââ¬Å"behavioral issues that cause insomnia include ââ¬Ëlifestyleââ¬â¢ problems that are not conducive to sound sleep.â⬠Examples of such habits include irregular bedtimes and rising hours, long naps during the day, and use of stimulants like coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages. Irregular bedtimes and excessive napping alters a patientââ¬â¢s internal clock and makes it difficult for their brain to decipher whether it is the appropriate time for sleep or not. Additionally, The National Sleep Foundation states that, ââ¬Å"certain substances and activities, including eating patterns, can contribute to insomnia.â⬠In the article, ââ¬Å"What Causes Insomnia?â⬠the NSF mentions that consuming stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine, as well as alcohol and heavy meals can cause sleep disruption. Ingesting or using any of these substances creates high levels of brain activity. A hyperactive brain can make it extremely difficult to fall asleep and remain asleep.Even though lifestyle choices are considered to be a very prevalent cause of insomnia, there are certain researchers who believe otherwise. In the Medical News Todayjournal, Peter Crosta, who studied at Columbia University, says that ââ¬Å"[T]here is often an underlying medical condition that causes chronic insomnia.â⬠He continues to explain that lifestyle choices should not be considered a true cause of insomnia. Crosta believes that insomnia is not based on decisions that a patient makes for themselves, and it is solely based on medical factors alone.Chronic Medical ConditionsAnother potential cause for insomnia are chronic medical conditions. The National Sleep Foundation gives examples of these medical issues; those include ââ¬Å"nasal/sinus allergies, gastrointestinal problems, endocrine problems, arthritis, asthma, and parkinsonââ¬â¢s disease.â⬠These certain medical conditions create symptoms like crippling pain, runny nose, constant coughing, difficulty breathing, and tremors. Such symptoms make it nearly impossible for patients to be able fall asleep and stay asleep.In the article, ââ¬Å"Ask Yourself 8 Questions,â⬠in the Current Psychiatryjournal, Dr. David N Neubauer, describes how, ââ¬Å"pain or discomfort caused by a medical condition may undermine sleep quality.â⬠Neubauer goes on to explain that, ââ¬Å"certain cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, rheumatologic, and orthopedic disorders are associated withinsomnia.â⬠Essentially, he is saying that these medical conditions can cause symptoms that would make insufficient sleep more likely. Although these medical conditions causing insomnia is a widely accepted theory, J. R. Morrison and Brian Storey mention in their book, Adolescent Insomnia, that they believe that, ââ¬Å"poor sleep is a learned habit,â⬠as opposed to something caused by a medical condition. They explain that this theory is based upon how people can examine and adjust their sleeping habits and cure their insomnia. They do not believe that this would be possible if it were truly caused by those specific medical conditions.Psychological DisordersAnother possible cause of insomnia is an underlying psychological disorder. The National Sleep Foundation has found that ââ¬Å"Insomnia can be caused by psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety.â⬠Based on their studies, they have found that patients with major depressive disorders are at a much higher risk of developing insomnia. Furthermore, they described that certain symptoms of anxiety, such as tension and excessive worrying, cause high levels of brain activity which leads to chronic sleep deprivation.In the book Adolescent Insomnia, Dr. J. R. Morrison and Brian Storey discuss and explore several different aspects of insomnia. Morrison and Storey state that ââ¬Å"psychological factors [of insomnia] include anxiety and depression.â⬠The pair go on to explain that people who deal with anxiety often struggle to initially fall asleep, while those with depression tend to frequently awaken early in the morning and find themselves unable to fall back asleep. In either scenario, the psychological issue clearly creates a condition where the person is unable to gain sufficient sleep.Even though the evidence seems unambiguous, there is a possibility that psychological issues are not at the root of insomnia. ââ¬Å"Although many people believe that psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety cause insomnia, the reverse may actually be true,â⬠argues Henry Olders, an assistant professor of psychiatry at McGill University in Montreal. Olders bases his claim off of research done by The National Institutes of Mental Health. Their studies found that, ââ¬Å"the risk of developing new depression was 39.8 times higher for insomniacs than for those without sleep problems.â⬠Essentially, both the NIMH and Henry Olders have found that insomnia leads to an onset of depression and anxiety, as opposed to the other way around. Considering the results of this study, there is no way to fully conclude that insomnia is actually caused by psychological disorders.The most likely cause of insomnia is behavioral and lifestyle choices. There are more people in the United States that drink excessive amounts of caffeine, smoke cigarettes, and eat heavy meals before bedtime, than people with serious psychological or medical conditions. This means that most people with insomnia, most likely have made specific lifestyle decisions that caused it. If we do not do anything about the climbing rates of insomnia, our society will experience a higher rate of sleep deprivation. This will add to an already growing rate of motor vehicle accidents due to drowsy driving, as well as other sleep deprivation related disasters. On top of that those struggling with insomnia will e How to cite The Shape of the Water Stain, Papers matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-19657216001381683132019-12-06T14:24:00.001-08:002019-12-06T14:24:03.336-08:00The Women of Bangladesh free essay sample Low Status and Power Bangladesh is one of the worlds most densely populated countries with 150 million people, 49 percent of whom live below the national poverty line. In addition, child malnutrition rates of 48 percent are the second highest in the world, a condition that is tied to the low social status of women in Bangladeshi society (THP). Even though women constitute almost half of the population in Bangladesh, their status has been ranked the lowest in the world based on twenty indicators related to education, health, marriage, children, employment, and social equality (NCBP). Bangladesh is a very patriarchal society and gender inequality is evidenced in almost every aspect of life. Some studies have shown that the majority of women from rural areas are not aware of gender inequality because traditional beliefs keep them in the shadow of their fathers, husbands, and sons (Hadi). Women are dependent on men all their lives because that is what they know. Their traditions and lack of education keep them pocketed away from society especially in rural areas, where after marriage they are not allowed to leave the home unless accompanied by a male relative. Bangladesh is one of the very few countries in the world in which males outnumber females; this provides strong evidence that there is a problem of missing women. Census data from 2001 shows that more than 2. 7 million Bangladeshi women were missing (SIGI). There are no reliable statistics to quote, so estimates on the number of trafficked women and children are difficult to make. The crime is largely hidden despite its pervasiveness. Nevertheless, a total of 335 women and children were reportedly trafficked from Bangladesh in 2002 (BNWLA). In all fairness, it seems that stating ââ¬Å"more than 2. 7 million Bangladeshi women were missingâ⬠from the 2001 census may pose more questions than answers especially considering many rural families do not legally record births, deaths and marriages because they havenââ¬â¢t been educated to do so. Son preference is also prevalent in this society leading to female sex-selective abortions, neglect of girls (compared to boys) in early childhood and abandonment (SIGI). A report released by the U. N. Population Fund in 2000 asserted that 47 percent of adult women report physical abuse by their male partner. Much of the reported violence against women is related to disputes over dowries. Assailants who fling acid in their faces disfigure a number of women each year. Many of these attacks are revenge motivated by rejected suitors. Few perpetrators of these acid attacks are prosecuted due to poor investigation and lack of eyewitnesses (OWP). Reproductive Freedom In Bangladesh, the use of the term ââ¬Å"Reproductive Rightsâ⬠is very recent. The common understanding of reproductive rights is that women should be able to decide and control their own bodies and reproductive behavior. However, many women living in rural and poor urban settings of Bangladesh are victims of physical, sexual, psychological, and human rights violations (Hossain and Akhter). Pregnant women have many potential causes for serious illness and complications during their pregnancy. Early marriage, lack of proper nutrition, and multiple pregnancies are just the beginning. Abortion is not legal, and many women attempt to induce abortion or get assistance from untrained people in less than sanitary conditions. These factors often lead to sterility and sometimes death. The government decides which contraceptives will be made available to women and often due to lack of education; rural women are unaware of what is accessible to them. Additionally, ââ¬Å"women have to take permission from their husbands to use contraceptives (Hossain and Akhter)â⬠. This means that women, especially the extremely poor, do not have a choice concerning the timing of pregnancies. A highly religious and patriarchal culture keeps women on the role of passivity regarding their own sexual health and those who resist are subject to spousal battering, dowry-related torture, marital rape, arbitrary family planning, and sexually transmitted diseases (Henningfeld 98). Sexuality / Lesbianism There is not much written in news articles or reports about lesbians in Bangladesh. In fact, any references to lesbianism are almost footnotes in ublications regarding homosexual men or LGBT. In the article ââ¬Å"An Analysis of Homosexuality in Bangladeshâ⬠by Ashok Deb on the LGBT Bangladesh website, the writer describes how invisible the gay and lesbian communities of Bangladesh are and the prejudices they face. Bangladesh has the second largest Muslim population in the world and homosexuality is forbidden in their culture. ââ¬Å"Although not declared officially like [in] Iran,â⬠¦. homosexuality does not simply exist. The combination of homophobia and heterosexism in Bangladesh keeps the majority of gays and lesbians in ââ¬Å"the closet. Lesbians in Bangladesh are dealt a double blow in regard to their rights; being women in a largely hetero-patriarchy society where women do not have the same liberties as men and being the sexual minority whose sexuality is controlled by society, religion and the legal system. Since the Bangladesh culture essentially prohibits a homosexual lifestyle, lesbians are forced to hide their sexual orientation to protect themselves and their families from physical and verbal attacks and/or community rejection. Thus to avoid social abrogation and rejection, a lesbian opts to marry a male partnerâ⬠¦ (Deb)â⬠. Such ââ¬Å"invisibilityâ⬠in culture and denial of sexual orientation can lead to serious psychological issues resulting in depression and sometimes, even suicide. Womenââ¬â¢s Work In general, women are undervalued both in the formal and informal labor sectors; formal being the workplace where one receives a taxed paycheck and informal work situations such as contract basis, ââ¬Ëunder the tableââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëoff the booksââ¬â¢ (Burn 92). Bangladesh is one of the worst countries concerning gender pay gap, occupational sex segregation, and gender stereotypes in the workplace. The World Bankââ¬â¢s 2012 labor report states that Bangladeshi women make 12 cents for every dollar a man earns! One of the contributing factors to the wage gap is called the human capital approach. This means that women are credited with less education, experience, and life skills to offer an employer versus that of a man, so they can be paid less (Burn 104). However, the young women of Bangladesh are starting to make changes in their lives and in society. Allowing women to work outside the home is one of the first steps to economic empowerment of women. There are still many cultures, Bangladesh included, where women are dependent on men for everything, but that is slowly changing. Women without access to their own money are more likely to be forced to marry young, have many children, and have little to no education. Young women who are in the workforce have better mobility, access to better education and marry later in life. When these women do get married, they have control of their own reproductivity and are more likely than men to put their money back into their family in the form of better food, homes, health care, and education for their daughters as well as their sons. Additionally, their daughterââ¬â¢s will have an even better education and that will give them the skills to make their own decisions about contraceptives, where to work, when to get married and how to use their earnings (Negash). Investing in the women of today can lead to less poverty tomorrow. One challenge for women in the workplace is sexual harassment. The general idea is as follows: typically, men committing unwelcome/ unwanted sexual advances toward women in the workplace. The sex-role spillover theory posed by Gutek amp; Morash in 1982, suggests that how men and women perceive their roles in life (men seeing women in sexual terms and women trained to see this as flattery and not complain) ââ¬Ëspills-overââ¬â¢ into the workplace. This leads to a few different kinds of sexual harassment; gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention and sexual coercion. Gender harassment is derogatory and insulting behavior toward women. Suggestive comments and physical contact comprise some aspects of unwanted sexual attention and the worst is sexual coercion; sex being required to get or keep a job (Burn 113). However, there is very little written about sexual harassment toward Bangladeshi women in the work force. Unfortunately, several factors contribute to this problem. Womenââ¬â¢s unwillingness to report harassment is the biggest one. Reasons that harassment is not reported may be any or all of the following: women are trained from childhood that any talk of the sexual nature is taboo, fear that if they do report the harassment they will lose their job, and worse, fear that they report it and their superiors will do nothing (Siddiqi). The work environment in Bangladesh will not improve until the traditional gender role perspectives are changed by both men and women. Women in Development Households in rural areas of Bangladesh face several major environmental problems. Frequently, access to clean water and poor sanitary disposal contribute to villagers contracting gastrointestinal and other water-borne diseases. In addition, there continues to be loss of natural forest areas due to commercial tree felling for fuel and encroachments on agricultural settlements. Clearly, there is a direct correlation between environmental issues and poverty; the poor are forced to address short-term needs, even if their actions contribute to the long-term depletion of natural resources (Rhaman and Roy). The Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) has incorporated an Environmental Education program in one of its rural development projects, the Comprehensive Village Development Program (CVDP). Since its inception, CVDP has been working to establish a strong institutional framework at the village level with the active participation of the members of the communities (M.H. Chowdhury). There are no short cuts in reducing poverty and increasing economic development in Bangladesh. The CVDP encourages local leadership and community participation by addressing rural problems related to development. The program works to implement strategies to empower the women and the poor in these communities. Women and Religion The major (state) religion in Bangladesh is Islam with Hindu in second position. Early Islam history shows that women were important leaders of the religion but now women are limited in their public participation; women can be leaders only in all female groups. It is believed that the teachings of Islam are opposed to using masculine god language and promote all followers as equal and yet Allah is referred to as ââ¬Å"heâ⬠and women do not have much of a public role in the religion (Burn 184). Fundamentalist Islam religious practices are very gender segregated; one reason women primarily participate in religious rituals within the home is because menstruation is considered unclean and they cannot enter a mosque or touch the Qurââ¬â¢an until their period is complete and have taken the ritual cleansing bath (Burn184). Men claim that one of the reasons mosques are segregated is that women are a physical distraction, so men and women cannot pray together (Jehanzeb). Contrary to many Westernerââ¬â¢s beliefs, many Muslim women view traditional Islamic dress as a way to show their devotion to Allah, rather than a form of oppression. The use of the hijab (or veil) to cover the hair and the abaya (a long dress or coat and a headscarf) are expressions of women wanting to please Allah and follow Islamic teachings (Burn 185). Women in Politics Although two women Prime Ministers have headed the Bangladeshi government alternately for the past 20 years, this does not reflect the ratios of gender participation in the Parliament or decision-making at policy level. While there have been many men in the ceremonial presidential position, there have been only the two women, Sheikh Hasina or Khaleda Zia, alternating in the most powerful position of the country. However, even though they held high positions within the government, neither questioned the male dominance of politics in Bangladesh or tried to change gendered political structures in order to allow more female participation. Islam plays an important role in both society and politics in Bangladesh. In 1988, an amendment to the constitution made Islam the state religion. To insure their participation and visibility in politics, many female Members of Parliment observe proper female Islamic dress code by covering their heads in public and participating in public religious rituals to show that they were practicing Muslims. It has always been very important to the people of Bangladesh that their statespeople be practicing Muslims (N. Chowdhury, Women and Politics Worldwide). Despite the two top leaders of Bangladesh being female, womenââ¬â¢s representation in parliament is small. The quota of reserved seats for women in the Bangladeshi Parliament is 45. These 45 of 300 total seats do not adequately represent the over fifty percent female votership in Bangladesh (N. Chowdhury). Thus, ensuring that women do not have an equal voice in Bangladeshââ¬â¢s politics. Women who are Members of the Parliament from those reserved seats are considered ââ¬Å"ornamentalâ⬠partially due to lack of participation but mostly because of the patriarchal views of women in the public sphere. Also, women do not run for unreserved seats on parliament for many reasons. Some state they do not have the funding (because their money is controlled by their husbands), do not want to be linked to criminal activities, and some fear for their lives should they win. The political arena in Bangladesh is filled with corruption and many male politicians buy their way into Parliament or use assassins to eliminate competition (F. D. Chowdhury). Unfortunately, neither Sheikh Hasina or Khaleda Zia used the power of her position to further womenââ¬â¢s political growth or enhance their political competency (N. Chowdhury). Gender Equality Movements The Bangladeshi Constitution affirms gender equality but womenââ¬â¢s rights are often disregarded. Women and girls are disadvantaged in their access to education, health care, and financial assets (SIGI). Islamic Sharia law regards women as ââ¬Å"custodiansâ⬠but not legal guardians of their children. In the event of divorce under Muslim law, women can only retain custody of sons until age seven and daughters until puberty (SIGI). The husband has the right of unilateral divorce, for no cause at all. The wife has no such right and when her husband exercises his right; she has no redress. Bangladeshââ¬â¢s largest womenââ¬â¢s organization, Mahila Parishad, works to raise womenââ¬â¢s awareness and provide equality in the laws that govern the country. Twenty years ago, they lobbied parliament to pass an Anti-dowry law due to the extreme violence against married women over dowries (Burn 252). Although this law is in effect, many families in rural areas still observe the dowry as part of the marriage arrangement. Unfortunately, due to extreme poverty and underdevelopment, womenââ¬â¢s equality issues are not seen as important issues (N. Chowdhury, Women and Politics Worldwide). Women in the Garment Industry Over 80 percent of Bangladeshââ¬â¢s garment industry workers are women, which is a large increase over previous studies (ILO). Traditionally, garment industry workers have always been men and when women were first hired, the men were not sure they could do the job. Only after watching women in action did that thought change. Breaking some of the typical gender stereotypes, there are now over 200 garment factories in Bangladesh that not only hire women to sew and iron garments but some allow women to move into ââ¬Ëcutterââ¬â¢ positions, normally a position only held by men (ILO). Still, occupational sex de-segregation has a long way to go. Some of these companies, like Babylon Garments Factory, are making great strides to create family-friendly facilities; a nursery for workerââ¬â¢s children and free medical treatment/ health care on the premises (ILO). However, there is still a lot of progress to be made before women can break through the glass ceiling in the Bagladeshi workforce. Women and Proper Etiquette There are many subtle nuances of proper etiquette concerning Bangladeshi women such as how to greet them, dining arrangements, and proper attire. Greetings usually only take place between members of the same sex and women will really only be met within a business atmosphere; foreign men should nod to a Bangladeshi women unless she extends her hand and address her as ââ¬Å"Begumâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Madamâ⬠). Public displays of affection, even between husbands and wives, are considered immoral; particularly in respect to unmarried females (Shrestha). Women should not be photographed unless it is certain there will be no objections. Dining will typically be same sex inside and outside of the home. Proper attire for Bangladeshi women includes a Saree (a type of dress), a Hijab (or veil) worn on the head so that no hair is showing with the common hairstyle, and hair worn in a Beni (twisted bun). Use of Western clothing is rare and exposure of cleavage, thighs and arms is discouraged (Shrestha). In Closing Women represent half the worlds population, and gender inequality exists in every country. Preventing half the people on this earth from reaching its full potential is shortsighted. Society in general is hurt when women and girls are deprived of equality (Negash). For the women of Bangladesh, there are still some huge hurdles to overcome concerning the improvement of education for girls, health and reproductive care for women, and basic human rights. Optimistically, the changes that have already been witnessed will continue to spread so the next generations will be met with a promising future. matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-61252531402801782622019-11-29T03:52:00.001-08:002019-11-29T03:52:04.269-08:00Recent Legislative History Control of Educational Standards Table of Contents Introduction Analysis Application Reference List Introduction The educational system of the United States of America is full of captivating events which have significant contribution to the life of every American citizen. Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Recent Legislative History: Control of Educational Standards specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are three different levels which promote proper development of the system and which are responsible for obligatory control and funding: they are local, federal, and state authorities. Each type of control has its own peculiarities in accordance with which schools and other educational institutions are able to vary, be improved, and develop during a long period of time in regard to the current living conditions. Educational standards vary considerably from time to time, and now, it becomes very important to provide teachers with nece ssary education and license before they could start doing their jobs. According to Pullman and Van Patten (2007), this kind of legislative control is crucial to make educators meet special standards and correspond to the national model required. In my opinion, it is necessary to support control of educational standards by local, federal, and state authorities in order to present proper quality of education, professional teaching, and obligatory variations. To defend this necessity, it is better to pay more attention to each type of control and its outcomes on the educational process and to define how exactly these authorities may promote the growth of professional teachers. Analysis According to the International Colloquium on Private Education (2009), any kind of government is entitled to control educational standards in order to promote growth of sufficient education in regard to the national context. For example, local government is primary responsible for the quality of educat ional processes; federal authorities usually deal with the standards settings; and state department has to take care of provision of information, resources, and various technical material to schools. In case this type of control weakens, the quality of education may undergo considerable changes, and these changes could be hardly called positive. Randi Weingarten (2010) admits that the role of education is considerable indeed in the life of every person: professional educators have to be ready to complete any kind of duty prescribed. However, it does not matter how mature an educator can be: if there is no support from local, state, and federal authorities, the professionalism of educators cannot serve as the only reliable basis. Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is why there is no reason to struggle against control of education by local, state, and federal authorities, but instead, it is very important to find out more powerful grounds to improve the quality of the control of these authorities and improve the cooperation between the authorities and educational systems to be able to achieve one goal: provide students with necessary education of a good quality and provide teachers with a number of possibilities to get necessary practice and appropriate certificate. Application The chosen position may considerably enhance the processes of teaching and learning. It is possible to focus on ââ¬Å"a constructive, meaningful, and ongoing system that incorporates standards and best practices for the teaching professionsâ⬠(Weingarten, 2010, p. 37) and helps teachers to realize how information must be learned but not tested (Pullman Van Patten, 2007). Learning activities may be improved considerably because federal authorities introduce necessary technological techniques, and students get chances to learn more about the peculiarities of progress an d how they can benefit from it. In general, the idea of controlling legislative approach is good indeed, and people have to evaluate its positive sides to enlarge their chances for proper education. Reference List International Colloquium on Private Education. (2009).The Evolving Regulatory Context for Private Education in Emerging Economies: Discussion Paper and Case Study. Washington: World Bank Publications. Pullman, J.D. Van Patten, J.J. (2007), History of Education in America, New Jersey: Pearson Education. Weingarten, R. (2010, Spring). A New Path Forward: Four Approaches to Quality Teaching and Better School. American Educator, 34 (1), 36-39. This critical writing on Recent Legislative History: Control of Educational Standards was written and submitted by user Zuri Reeves to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-21388948749954404452019-11-25T11:26:00.001-08:002019-11-25T11:26:06.203-08:00A phobia is an excessive or unreasonable fear of an object.A phobia is an excessive or unreasonable fear of an object. PHOBIASA phobia is an excessive or unreasonable fear of an object, place or situation. Simple phobias are fears of specific things such as insects, infections, flying. Agoraphobia is a fear of being in places where one feels "trapped" or unable to get help, such as in crowds, on a bus, or standing in a queue. A social phobia is a marked fear of social or performance situations.Phobias are extremely common. Sometimes they start in childhood for no apparent reason; sometimes they emerge after a traumatic event; and sometimes the develop from an attempt to make sense of an unexpected and intense anxiety or panic (e.g. "I feel fearful, therefore I must be afraid of something").When the phobic person actually encounters, or even anticipates being in the presence of the feared object or situation, she/he experiences immediate anxiety. The physical symptoms of anxiety may include a racing heart, shortness of breath, sweating, chest or abdominal discomfort, trembling, etc.Phobia 2and the emo tional component involves an intense fear - of losing control, embarrassing oneself, or passing out.Commonly people try to escape, and then to avoid the feared situation wherever possible. This may be fairly easy if the feared object is rarely encountered (e.g. fear of snakes) and avoidance will not therefore restrict the person's life very much. At other times (e.g. agoraphobia, social phobia) avoiding the feared situation limits their life severely. Escape and avoidance also make the feared object/situation more frightening.With some phobias the person may have specific thoughts, which attribute some threat to the feared situation. This is particularly true for social phobia where there is often a fear of being negatively evaluated by others, and for agoraphobia when there may be a fear of collapsing and dying with no one around to help, or of... matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-16817000090745786612019-11-21T18:50:00.001-08:002019-11-21T18:50:03.904-08:00MARKET RESEARCH WITHIN THE BUSINESS CONTEXT OF MARKETING EssayMARKET RESEARCH WITHIN THE BUSINESS CONTEXT OF MARKETING - Essay Example It may also prevent further mishap or casualties that it may encounter later on. A solid comprehension of how the facts can help in managing business must be the foundation for administering market researches (Wrenn, Stevens, and Loudon 25). The aim of this paper is to analyze the importance of market researches in business settings. Market Research According to American Marketing Association, a market research is an event that connects consumer, customer, and public to the buyer and seller of different goods and services by way of exchanging information (qtd. in Kolb 7). This information is utilized to distinguish strength and weakness, create, enhance and assess marketing administration supervise performance, and enrich the realization of marketing as a procedure (qtd. in Kolb 7). All the participating parties in trading are found in the market. The buyers and sellers bargain with each other; consumers and customers meet and interact, and investor and borrower negotiate. These cons tant interactions among the participants generate and transfer information. Now, when these sets of information are circulated, it can be used by the receiving party. A stockbroker who recently learned that the prices of stocks are low may choose to disregard and pass an investment option. Thus, by skipping an investment opportunity, the stock broker engaged in market research and has successfully used it to its own advantage. Role of Market Research Since the main purpose of market research is to help in the decision making, it is divided into four measures. First is to identify the presence of a threat or opportunity. Second is to analyze the problem or opportunity, then third is to classify option, and fourth is to choose a solution (Wrenn, Stevens, and Loudon 3). Determining a problem or opportunity must be the first step in the decision making because it is the basis of having a solution. Observation and recognition must be necessary to point out any possible trouble or positiv e prospect that may arise. The analysis of the trouble and opportunity comes next to determining problem. While it is necessary to pinpoint troubles, if there is any, a better judgment must be made in categorizing the choices. There are some cases that a small inconvenience inside an agency may become an opportunity for the whole. This is followed by the evaluation of option. After recognizing and interpreting the problem, it is best to evaluate the options. Application of the information gathered for the possible solutions must be thoroughly enforced. This precedes the final step as selecting the right solution. In choosing the accurate solution, the goal of the market research here is fulfilled as decision making is made in this move. Precisely, a market research pertains to the steps and processes used in planning and gathering of information, and in examining and proposing of data utilized for forming marketing decisions (Stevens et al. 2). Different kinds of techniques are used in market researches depending on the objectives and purpose of the research. These sets of techniques are often confused with the decision making. The marketing research should be centered on the making of decisions and not on the sets of techniques involved in obtaining information to implement decision making (Stevens et al. 2). By doing so, it evades undesirable situations of unsuccessfully gathering of data matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-58389674987124487692019-11-20T16:26:00.001-08:002019-11-20T16:26:06.678-08:00Evaluation of Agency's personnel administration EssayEvaluation of Agency's personnel administration - Essay Example Furthermore, they provide for training of labor and instill the organizations values in them so that they can conform to the requirements of the organization both within and outside environment (Leigh & Blakely, 2013). The urban planning human resource also ensures staffs awards are assured while offer punishment to those who break the policy. Therefore, the underlined factors above makes the human resource be a stronger department. Nonetheless, the committee also finds it hard to find the right personnel that provide a perfect fit for the organization. The agency is also thriving to reach the international standards of personnel management such as the level required by the United Nations labor management. This includes actions and not limited to utility theory approach. But incase the personnel department becomes inefficient, the agency outsources to provide for technical assistance (Buller, & McEvoy, 2012). It ensures that their employees are well managed, and the human resource acquires extra skills on how to deal with the staffs. As a result, global standards are maintained that makes the agency one of the best performing in the industry. The human resource department of the urban planning is tasked with hiring the right employees for the organization. The recruitment process begins by the department advertising the available opportunities that the qualified candidates will send the application to. They then review the applications and determine the best candidates who are then taken for interviews to determine their suitability (Breaugh, 2014). In doing so, they have to conduct a background check on the applicants since the personnel must be of integrity before they can be hired. The final component is the hiring criteria. The selected candidates are notified and provided with the employment contract letters. In the process, they are expected to provide to undergo medical tests to matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-26331348146554062632019-11-18T15:14:00.001-08:002019-11-18T15:14:04.645-08:00Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4Strategic Management - Essay Example ALDI opted for conservative methods to offer better quality and reduced prices. The strategy is presented to hold numerous benefits in expansion and retention of an increased market share. Furthermore, ALDI utilizes cheaper measures in advertising as compared to Amazon that spends majority of finances in marketing. This places ALDI at a paramount position to expand and increase the profits with increased income and reduced expenditure, especially in marketing (Stubblefield, 2006). The post critics on the shopping trends of consumers and the focus placed on the comparison of Aldi and Amazon. The German Aldi stores stock mostly their products and offer lower cart value at $0.25. The company saves money through failing to accept credit cards. This includes increased purchase of the cheap products to generate revenue. Amazon offers value in products through the online stores. This generates easier measures in shopping to offer the convenient sopping measures. These are the differences in the two stores with the consumers offered cheap expenses in Aldi and the convenient Amazon. These stores may serve as supplements in their positioning since they satisfy consumers in varied manners. The post offers the challenge on the preference of a company based on the strategies that they incorporate in their marketing matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-15843005241036636892019-11-16T03:47:00.001-08:002019-11-16T03:47:16.607-08:00Investigation of outdoor play in early yearsInvestigation of outdoor play in early years Outdoor Play in Early Years In whose best interest? This review examines the definition of play and outdoor play as well as the perspectives of the early years pioneers spanning over two centuries who has shaped our understanding of outdoor play such as Friedrich Froebel, Maria Montessori, Margaret McMillan, Susan Isaacs and Majorie Allen, better Known as Lady Allen of Hurtswood. It will also seek to address how outdoor play can be optimised in early years setting to improve childrens learning and development outcomes. The scope of this review includes debates surrounding outdoor play, concerns and the advantages of using the outdoor environment. This review would also analysis previous researches on outdoor play and evidence which suggests that outdoor play improves childrens development and well-being. Play is a difficult concept, and by its very nature cannot be pinned down or precisely defined. There is nothing tangible, predictable or certain about childrens play, and this makes thinking about play more difficult and sometimes uncomfortable for those who like things neat and orderly. Play sits uneasily in a culture of standards, measurable outcomes, testing targets and quality control. While most of us know play when we see it, academics have had trouble defining it (Johnson, Christie, Yawkey, 1999). Play involves a free choice activity that is non-literal, self-motivated, enjoyable and process oriented. Critical to this definition is the non-literal, non-realistic aspect. This means external aspects of time, use of materials, the environment, rules of the play activity, and roles of the participants are all made up by the children playing. They are based on the childs sense of reality (Wardle, 1987, p. 27). Children do not play for a reward-praise, money, or food. They play because they like it.(p. 28). Children who compete to make the best wooden ship are not playing. Children who are told they must use the block with an A on it to create a word are not playing, and children who are asked to label the colours of their paints, instead of using them to create a picture, are not playing. Article 31 in the United Nation Convention on the rights of the Child stipulates that play is a fundamental right of all children (Human Rights Directorate, 1991 cited in Steampfli 2008) and that play is essential for children to develop intellectually, physically, emotionally, and socially. Through play children learn to express their thoughts and feelings, develop language and social skills and become aware of cultural diversity in their community. Filer, (2008), describes creative outdoor play as play which gives children the opportunity to use their imaginations, helps promote original thinking, flexibility, adaptability, empathy and the ability to generate multiple solutions to a problem. She express play as the most important activity that children will take part in outside as it is a means through which they find stimulation, well-being and happiness in order to grow physically, emotionally and intellectually. She express that the outdoor environment is well suited to meeting childrens needs for all aspects of play and is the most relevant way of offering learning based upon first-hand experiences and individual interests. Waite et al. (2006) cited in Waller, T (2007) journal article point out, outdoor learning is not a single entity but comprises many different sorts of activity with distinct purposes. Outdoor environments afford opportunities for a balance between adult-led structured activities and giving children access to interesting outdoor spaces. Friedrich Froebel(1782-1852) emphasised the importance of the garden and the educational importance of learning out of doors more than a century ago. To Froebel, the garden was both literal and metaphorical. He used the word kindergarten, a garden for children, rather than the word school and saw the kindergarten as a place where the child could develop in harmony with nature. Educators would provide a rich environment for growth, and would tend, nurture and cultivate each child just as a good gardener would tend a young plant. Froebel believed in a divine unity and connectedness between all living things, and it was therefore important for children to be close to nature in the outdoor environment. Through gardening and play outdoors children learnt about nature and about the growth of plants and animals, but they also learnt to care for and take responsibility for nature, and gradually to recognise their own place in the natural world. Childrens freely chosen game games outdoors wer e a source of fascination to Froebel. He saw in such games evidence of childrens growing sense of justice, self- control, comradeship and fairness. (Tovey, 2008). Forest Schools which are closely associated with the Danish early years programme is inspired by the ideas of Froebel, traditionally favoured play, movement and fresh air (Stigsgaard, 1978, cited in Maynard, 2007), while a sense of connection with nature and the environment has been linked to the Danish notion of an ideal childhood (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2001 cited in Maynard, 2007). The development of young childrens understanding about the natural environment is seen as being an important aim of all day-care facilities (OECD, 2000 cited in Maynard, 2007). For Maria Montessori (1869 -1952), working in a poor inner city community in Rome, Italy it was not the garden, but the house that was the enduring metaphor for her approach to early childhood. The environment, she argued, should allow children to be like the masters in their own houses, that is it should be child-sized, offer independent movement and be well organised with everything in its place. It was not nature, but science and her notion of scientific pedagogy, which was a guiding principle. Using Froebels metaphor of the gardener she argued that behind the good cultivatorà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.stands the scientist. This is a very different philosophy from Froebels garden where weeds were valued as much as the flowers. It was Montessori, who pioneered the idea of open access from indoors to outdoors and free choice and self direction, but choice was restricted. Unlike Froebel, Montessori did not believe the natural materials were educative and, therefore, she made no provision for pla y materials like sand and water. Rather she argued that structured materials, which had been subject to the perfecting hand of a higher intelligence (Montessori 1983 cited in Tovey 2008), were necessary to identify the real or true nature of the child. Margaret McMillan (1860-1931) was a socialist politician. Her experience of running an open air camp for children in the slums of Deptford, South of London, where disease was rife, convinced her that time spent outdoors could dramatically improve childrens health and that the youngest children should be the focus of attention. She developed an open air nursery school for children, and literally designed and built a garden for children. The garden was central and the indoor spaces were merely shelters for use in very bad weather. Everything, she argued could take place outdoors, play, sleep, meals, stories and games. She argued that there was no need for artificial didactic apparatus to stimulate childrens senses in isolation when real first-hand experience offered richer and more meaningful opportunities. A nursery garden must have a free and rich place, a great rubbish heap, stones, and flints, bits of can, and old iron and pots. Here every healthy child will want to go, taking out things of his own choosing to build with. (McMillan 1919 cited in Tovey 2008). Susan Isaacs (1885-1948) worked in a very different social context from McMillan. She opened the malting House School in Cambridge in 1924, a school for highly advantaged children of professional parents. It was an experimental school that had two aims: to stimulate the active enquiry of the children themselves rather than to teach them and to bring within their immediate experience every range of fact to which their interests reached out (Issacs 1930 cited in Tovey 2008:46). Children were given considerable freedom for Isaacs argued that play has the greatest value for the child when it is really free and his own (Isaacs 1929 cited in Tovey 2008:46). The garden included grass, fruit trees, a climbing frame, slides, movable ladders, trees for climbing, flower and vegetable garden with individual plots for each child and a range of animals. The garden provoked childrens curiosity and enquiry. It offered challenge and risk and children had considerable freedom to try things out, to question, to experiment and to follow wherever their curiosity led. However, this freedom also had constraints. Eg. Children were allowed to climb on the summer house roof, but only one child at a time was allowed. Like Froebel and Montessori before her she argued that freedom brought responsibility, but it also empowered the children to develop skills to be safe. Isaac view of childhood is one of passion. Young children had a pas sion for finding out about and striving to understand the world. Although she tried to observe children in free conditions she also recognised, unlike Montessori, that it was impossible to discover the natural child. Marjorie Allen (Lady Allen of Hurtwood) 1897-1976 featured less in education literature but nevertheless deserves an important place as a pioneer of outdoor play areas for young children. She was active in campaigning for better provision for young children and became president of the nursery school association, and a founder member of the worldwide organisation Mondiale Pour LEducation Prescolaire (OMEP). She designed play areas for many nursery schools including gardens with sand pits and paddling pools on roof tops of blocks of flats in Camden, London. She is associated most for bringing the idea of adventure or junk playgrounds to Britain. She argued that children seek access to a place where they can dig in the earth, build huts and dens with timber, use real tools, experiment with fire and water, take really great risks and learn to overcome themà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.(Allen cited in Rich et al 2005:46) She was damning in her criticisms of conventional playgrounds that are static, dull, unchallenging, and which do not account for young childrens drive to explore, imagine, create and to seek companionship. The tendency for ordering a complete playground from a catalogue is greatly to be deployed: this lack of enterprise spells dullness and monotony and only the manufacturers benefit (Allen 1968 cited in Tovey 2008:50). Lady Allens vision for challenging outdoor play environments, her belief that children with disabilities were entitled to equally rich and exciting environments, and her knowledge, from careful observation, of the impact of design on childrens play is still influential today particularly in the playwork field. These developmental emphasis on play and playgrounds for nursery school playgrounds and kindergartens was later reinforced by the work of early 20th century child research centres and figures such as Piaget (1951), Vygotsky (1978) Bruner, et al (1976), and Huizinga (1950). The developmental emphasis continues in the early 21st century. Until recently, preschools were relatively unaffected by contemporary high stakes testing and continued to focus on play as a primary vehicle for learning and development.(Frost 2006). A research study by Clements (2004) reveals that children today spend considerably less time playing outdoors than their mothers did as children. The study reveals several fundamental reasons for this decline, including dependence on television, digital media, and concerns about crime and safety. The study also conveys findings related to the frequent use of electronic diversions. Maynard (2007) also linked the growing interest in Forest School to a concern that childrens outdoor play is in decline. Parents, it is suggested, are reluctant to let their children play outside as they once did for fear of strangers, traffic or violence and as a result, it is also suggested, childrens play revolves around organized recreational activities or is home-centred and focused on computers, video games and television. This, it is maintained is having a negative impact on childrens social and emotional competence while also contributing to an epidemic of child obesity. Maynard Waters (2007), in their journal also identified recent years reports about the use and abuse of the outdoor environment have rarely been out of the media. These reports, often backed by the latest research findings, have focused on concerns about environmental damage as well as issues such as stranger danger, childrens lack of physical activity, the rising levels of childhood obesity, as well as a more general lack of connectedness with nature. A view which agrees with Froebel who sees garden as a spiritual place where children could grow and develop in harmony with nature, and begin to sense their own place in the natural world. It was a place for creative and imaginative play. There is growing public policy interest in childrens play. Politicians and opinion formers are interested in exploring how good play opportunities can help improve quality of life and safety in neighbourhoods, tackle obesity and promote childrens well being, support children development and build community cohesion. Alongside, there is a growing view that good play experiences are not only an essential part of every childhood, but also a key public responsibility and an expression of our social obligations towards children. (Filer, 2008:14). Dr Aric Sigman, of British Psychological Society, recommends that children under three should be banned from watching TV, and older children, aged 3-5, should be restricted to viewing one hour a day of good quality programmes. Children spend more time looking at the screens than they do outside doing real things, which is detrimental to their health and well being, particularly in the long term. He recommends that children should be outside experiencing real life and real things (Sigman, 2005 cited in Filer 2008). One way in which government has attempted to address these concerns has been to raise awareness of, for example Healthy Schools programme, Food in Schoool programme, School Fruit and Vegetable scheme, Physical Education, School Sport and Club Links programme (DSCF, 2008) The introduction of Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum (EYFS) in September 2008 in England for children from birth to five (DSCF, 2008) emphasise the need for the provision of regular outdoor experience. However, Waller (2007), in his article identified that a clear pedagogy for the use of the outdoors as a site for learning has not been established and, as (Fjortoft, 2001 cited in Waller 2007) and (Waite et al.2006 cited in Waller 2007) point out, there has been relatively little research on what actually happens in outdoor environments. The EYFS now recognises that the environment plays a key role in supporting and extending childrens development and learning under theme 3: enabling environments which is line with the Macmillans theory which allowed children free access to play areas and gardens and was not predicated upon a fixed time schedule. The importance of outdoor learning is also emphasised in the effective practice: outdoor learning as below: Past generations of children benefited from extended amounts of unsupervised time outdoors, and as adults they look back fondly at these early experiences. Indeed it is widely recognised that such experiences make a positive impact and as adults we are aware that it shaped many aspects of our own development and healthà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. Despite this cultural shift away from outdoor play and learning, it remains essential to childrens health, development and well-being. Consequently, it is vital that early years settings maximise childrens opportunities to be outdoors: for some it may be their only opportunity to play freely and safely outsideà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. Outdoor learning encompasses all that children do, see, hear or feel in their outdoor space. This includes the experiences that practitioners create and plan for, the spontaneous activities that children initiate, and the naturally occurring cyclical opportunities linked to the seasons, weather and nature. (DCSF, 2007) It is evidenced that a lot of recent and old research into outdoor play are in agreement that it is beneficial for children to be outside experiencing real life, real things, in order to grow and develop holistically. Most of the researches also concluded outdoor is a place where the child could develop in harmony with nature, a place to begin to sense their own place in the natural world and a place for creative and imaginative play. Good play experiences are seen as an essential part of every childhood which would lead to improve quality of life, tackle obesity and promote childrens well being. However, Majorie Allen criticized the conventional playgrounds seen at majority of the nursery and pre school these days as static, dull, unchallenging, and which do not account for young childrens drive to explore, imagine, create and to seek companionship. Finally, according to the literatures, one of the main advantages of using the outdoor environment is that it provides children with th e space to move freely. (Fjortoft 2001, 2004 cited in T.Maynard et al 2007) report on research from Scandinavia, which demonstrates that children who play in flexible, natural landscapes appear to be healthier, have improved motor fitness, balance and co-ordination, and demonstrate more creativity in their play. It can be concluded based on the literature review above that experiences of the outdoor play and learning suggests that early years practitioners should recognise the significant potentials of outdoor learning highlighted above, in addition to developing outside play opportunities within their gardens; they should also consider giving children regular opportunities to experience wild natural environments. CONTENT Page No ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 2-3 LITERATURE REVIEW 4-14 METHODOLOGY/RESEARCH DESIGN 15-16 ANALYSIS/FINDINGS 17-20 CONCLUSION 21-22 REFERENCES 23-25 APPENDICES NARRATIVE OBSERVATION A-C TRACKING OBSERVATION D-E SANDRINGHAM SCHOOL PICTURES F-J BLOOMING GARDEN PICTURES K-M ABSTRACT: I have worked in different setting during my course and I have noticed that outdoor play is not particularly well planned by the practitioners. It seems to be seen as an opportunity for the staff have a break and for the children to let off steam. Play is childrens natural way of doing stuff to build for children to build self-esteem and social skills and the philosophy behind the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum supported this very much. The aim of my study is to look at how children participate in outdoor play in Sandringham school environment compared with regular setting with limited outdoor space with fixed and movable apparatus such as climbing frames, slides and bikes etc as well as to encourage practitioners to reflect on their practices. My research draws on observation (both narrative and tracking method) of one nursery located in London borough of Newham- Sandringham Schools nursery in London and a regular nursery with fixed garden apparatus in Redbridge b orough, Uphall School. My observation was used to find out how children attending both school nurseries react during outdoor session and how practitioners assist the children in extending and stimulating their learning and development. The play experiences of children at my own school Sandringham School nursery in comparison with the children at Uphall Schools nursery clearly indicate that children at Uphall school nursery spend less time playing outdoors than those at Sandringham schools nursery. The study reveals that children at my school at Sandringham schools nursery are engaged in depth active learning with their peers and practitioners, objects, allowing the children to use their imagination more creatively. For example, during my observation, a child uses a tree branch to sweep an area under a large tree, which she described as Goldilocks grandmas house. INTRODUCTION In searching for my research topic, I have drawn on my experiences and interest during my placements. It struck me fairly quickly from observations in my various placement that outdoor play space in most of the settings is still just about physical development and not given the equal status to indoor play it deserves in terms of the planned experiences that are provided for young children. Majority of the settings outside play area are small with static, dull, and unchallenging equipments, and do not allow young childrens drive to explore, imagine, create and to seek companionship. Practitioners should promote and enhance the development of playground that offer a rich, multi sensory environment that is meaningful, imaginative and stimulating for all young children, providing them with real experiences that help embed their early learning and holistic development and not just their physical development. Parents and practitioners agree from conversation with them that outdoor play is a natural and critical part of childs well being, health and development and the importance of outdoor play is also reflected in recent government policies such as the Every Child Matters agenda (2003) and Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS, 2008) curriculum embraces outdoor learning as it enables the children to follow their interest, make choices, forge links between their learning and develop ideas over time. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of opportunities provided for children under five to learn in the outdoors, in a garden, or other open air space e.g. in Sandringham school nursery environment and a regular day nursery setting. The research aimed to investigate the impact that the type of outdoor play experiences in the two settings has on all areas of learning and development for children under five. In this study I will use (Filer, 2008) definition of outdoor play a creative outdoor play as play which gives children the opportunity to use their imaginations, helps promote original thinking, flexibility, adaptability, empathy and the ability to generate multiple solutions to a problem. She expresses play as the most important activity that children will take part in outside as it is a means through which they find stimulation, well-being and happiness in order to grow physically, emotionally and intellectually. Outdoor play also offers play spaces that enable children to create play spaces themselves and to exercise greater choice over materials, location and playmates. Being outdoorsà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦..offers opportunities for doing things in different ways and on different scales than when indoors. It gives children first-hand contact with weather, seasons and the natural world and offers children freedom to explore, use their senses, and be physically active and exuberant. (EYFS card 3.3 cited in Hitchin, 2007) METHODOLOGY The research takes place in two different borough schools nursery in their early years settings in England over a period of 4 months. Setting 1: This is my own schools nursery based separate building for the infants school building, this is located in a most multicultural state in town in Forestage, London area of the UK. Children aged 3 years to 5 years old attending the nursery on a half day and the next lot come for the afternoon session. The garden is a large part of it concrete and the other part was gated and covered with tree barks, with plastic climbing frame and slide, large tree on the other end of the gated part end bench under the tree and a large plastic turtle shape sand and water tray. On the paved area, there is a large wind chime resting on the fence and the other areas are left free for obstacle activity, easel, construction blocks, bicycles etc. Setting 2: This is a school based in borough of Redbridge, In order to establish childrens involvement levels in the two settings, I considered issuing questionnaires to both parents and practitioners. On discussing this with my School mentor, it transpires that the result will only give parents/ practitioners view on outdoor play and not necessarily give an answer to childrens level of learning and development physically, emotionally, imaginatively, and creatively through outdoor play. In conjunction with the setting staffs, I have collected data using participant observations in the form of tracking observation method which was handed out to the practitioners to follow selected children during outdoor play at each of the setting to find out the childrens interest while outdoor as well as direct observation method conducted by myself in the form of narrative observation to assess childrens involvement levels in two different outdoor environments. Observation is an important, if underrated, form of assessment. It may seem subjective, but it has a great deal of potential. Assessments can be made when the children are actively engaged in outdoor play and therefore the process on interaction with other children and adult can be observed. According to Creswell (2002) observations in a setting requires good listening skills and careful attention to visual detail. It also required management of issues such as the potential deception by people being observed and the initial awkwardness of being an outsider without initial personal support in a setting (Hammersley Atkinson, 1995). ANALYSIS/FINDINGS The results indicates that there is quality adult-child verbal interactions at the sandhringham school than the other setting which was my main concern and according to EPPE (2004) and REPEY (2002) research findings which identified that more sustained shared thinking was observed in settings where children made the most progress. Sustained shared thinking occurs when two or more individuals work together in an intellectual way to solve a problem, clarify a concept, evaluate an activity, extend a narrative etc. For example, a child sat under a large tree with few other children with an adult and she told the adult this is a forest, where the wolf is hiding and waiting me, Ill be the goldilocks and you can be the bad wolf and the adult engaged the child in open-ended questioning which is associated with better cognitive achievement according to the EPPE research findings. The forest was later turned into grandmas house they used drapes and plastic cover and securely pinned and another child sweeping off the dry leaves I am sweeping my grandmas room, because she is unwell and I need to help keep it clean. Where as at my other setting, the adults intervened mainly to ensure the safety of the children by encouraging a child to participate in an activity. For example, during an obstacle activity, the adult encouraged the child to walk on the blocks and offered a hand to boost the childs confidence. An interesting observation is that there are a lot of initiated activities at the Sandringham school with interventions by practitioners when invited by the child to extend the child/rens thinking. Opportunities are provided for adult initiated group activities which according to EPPE (2004) research findings are most effective vehicles for learning. For example, a game of silence ball? hide and seek game where the children have to listen to where the voices responding to their call is coming from to help them locate the people hiding. This game promotes listening skills. However, majority of the activities at the other setting is usually free play with mainly fixed climbing frames and slides, large wind chime, and selection of choices made available by the adult such as sand and water tray, lego blocks on a carpet or tray, writing materials, dressing up clothes, balls and books which is alternated on a daily basis. There is mostly child to child verbal interaction. The children in Sandringham school are engaged in more creative and imaginative play such as finding treasures, digging, treasure hunting lifting logs to look for worms which was in line with Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) who described garden then as a spiritual place where children could grow and develop in harmony with nature, and begin to sense their own place in the natural world. It was a place for creative and imaginative play for investigation and discovery for songs, music and ring games. Froebel was perhaps unique in amongst the pioneers in linking garden design to his philosophy of childrens learning and in recognising the holistic nature of young childrens learning. He saw in such games evidence of childrens growing sense of justice, self- control, comradeship and fairness which I also noticed during my observation at the sandringham, school setting. For example, each child is given opportunity to lead with an adult when doing the head count before entering and leaving the forest school. A child was upset because she wanted to lead on this occasion and the adult explained to her that she has had a turn last week and that everyone has to have a go before it could be her turn again and this helps the children to develop sense of fairness and justice. The staff leading at the sandringham school seemed to have good knowledge and understanding of the curriculum as well as knowledge of child development and they have gained additional training on forest school approach, which I assume has helped the adult in facilitating childrens learning. For example, the children learn to use natural materials such as sticks to make a shelter, two other children uses large paint brushes with water to paint the wooden fence. Another girl went to paint a tree, which a boy was climbing on and he said no Amisha, its going to be slippery. Other activities observed at Sandringham school arethey are climbing, move over obstacles, carrying logs from one area to the other, eating outdoors, getting dirty while digging or hiding, opportunity to wander freely without constant adult supervision in a large space with lots of nature to see and explore at their own pace. All these will support the childrens emotional, social development, environmental awareness a nd spiritual wellbeing. It also encourages active learning, improve creativity and critical thinking. From my observation of children at the other setting with garden equipment from a sale, the older children mostly run around the small garden or climb on the plastic frame and slide which I agree with Allen, M (1897-1976) spells dullness and monotony and only the manufacturers benefit. Marjorie Allen 1897-1976 also criticized the conventional playgrounds seen at majority of the nursery and pre-school these days as static, dull, unchallenging, and do not account for young childrens drive to explore, imagine, create and to seek companionship. However it is interesting to note during each observation at the other school that the tree bark that covers the garden floor offered scope for children with learning difficulty. For example, the children use the tree bark to represent food served by one child to the other children and as they received each said thank you. While at the sandrigham school, a space under the tree was transformed into a Grandmas house, Vygosky (1978) cited in Tovey 2007 argued that such play leads to higher level thinking because children are using objects symbolically. The act of transformatio matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3384079922362125713.post-86063948483482428422019-11-13T16:18:00.001-08:002019-11-13T16:18:04.803-08:00truama c-spine Essays -- essays research papers Trauma C-Spine à à à à à This essay is not intended to criticize any emergency medical or hospital staff. I am writing this essay out of concern for patients who come into the emergency room that may have a jeopardized spinal cord resulting from an injury or suspected injury to their cervical spine. I am a certified emergency medical technician, farm-medic instructor and currently a medical diagnostic student doing clinicial's. In the United States each year there are approximately 10,000 reported cervical spine injuries that come into emergency rooms. Motor vehicle accidents account for approximately 45%, falls approximately 30%, the remaining 25% from sports and miscellaneous. Although only a small amount of these spinal injuries are life threatening, they all need to be treated as such. Survival of these patients depends on pre-hospital care, emergency room care and quality diagnostic radiographs, all done at times under extreme time restraints and pressure. à à à à à The number one goal in patient care is not to make any situation worse than it already is. Most pre-hospital care is usually done by emergency medical technicians. Their main concern is to assess, stabilize and transport the patient to a facility that can give additional care and treatment. The emergency room staff is the second step to the patientââ¬â¢s survival. Their duties include further stabilization, evaluation and treatment of the patientsââ¬â¢ injuries. Radiographers are to supply ER doctors with quality diagnostic X-rays so they can make informed decisions about further patient care. Each of these groups need to be aware of what is involved with the otherââ¬â¢s job, so that the patient will receive the best of care. à à à à à Emergency medical personnel are trained in the proper pre-hospital care of patients in the field. Pre-hospital care of patients suffering from suspected cervical spine injury involves making sure the patient has a patent airway. Placing a properly sized C-collar on the patient to stabilize the neck. Packaging the patient for transport to the emergency room, which involves proper placement and securing of patient on backboard, and making sure to secure the head and shoulders so there is no movement of these areas by the patient. While enroute to the hospital emergency room further assessment of patient can b... ...this! EMS responds to a motor vehicle accident and have to place a patient on backboard with a c-collar applied. The EMS crew just had a continuing education program presented by an X-ray technician that showed them what they could do to help speed up c-spine exam time and also help reduce patient risk, so the EMS crew removed the patients jewelry before they applied the c-collar. Upon arrival at the hospital the proper X-rays were ordered to evaluate the patient for cervical spine injury. The radiographer arrived with help to do the necessary exam. The patient was taken into the exam room and since the radiographers had just completed a continuing education program on patient care, where cervical spine injuries were involved, they were very careful when moving the patient. They kept the patient on the backboard and did not attempt to move the patientââ¬â¢s head or neck. The radiographers made sure that the films they showed to the doctors were of diagnostic quality. à à à à à Could this happen? Yes, if everyone involved was properly trained, took pride in their work and departments were adequately staffed. à à à à à Does this happen? I hope so. matthewhawkins66http://www.blogger.com/profile/09887578763750688853noreply@blogger.com0